Term
| Berlioz, Hector (1803-69) French; |
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Definition
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mainly Paris-based from 1821
Style/Period: Early French Romantic
Quantity of Work Produced: considerable
Best Known For: dramatic music for orch.---concert overs.---operas---syms.---sacred vocal/choral-orchestral music---songs---orchestration
Notable Works: . . . Symphonie Fantastique Op.14 (1830) . . . Harold in Italy [sym. for va & orch.] Op.16 (1834) .Op.23 (1838) . . . Romeo & Juliet ['dramatic symphony' for solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.17 (1839) . . . Grande Symphonie Funèbre et Triomphale [military band, string orch. & chorus ad lib] Op.15 (1840) . . . Les Nuits d'Été [song cycle for solo v & pf/orch.] Op.7 (1840-1, 1843-56) . . . Roman Carnival Over. [concert over. based on material from the opera Benvenuto Cellini] Op.9 (1844) . . . The Damnation of Faust ['dramatic legend' for 4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.24 (1845-6) . . . Te Deum [solo v, chorus & orch.] Op.22 (1849) . . . L'Enfance du Christ [sacred oratorio for solo v, chorus & orch.] (1850-4) . . . Les Troyens [opera] (1856-8) . . . Béatrice et Bénédict [opera] (1860-2)
Musical Influences: Beethoven; -Gluck; [J-F Le Sueur]; Méhul; Reicha; Spontini; Weber
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Term
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Definition
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Late Italian Baroque
Small amount of works
concert grossi, trio and violin sonatas
Lully, Stradella
"12 trio sonatas", "Concerto Grosso for two violins", "Viola and string orch. in g minor"
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Term
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Definition
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Style/Period: Pre-Classical
quantity of Work Produced: extensive
Best Known For: operas & opera overs.
Notable Works: . . . Orfeo ed Euridice [opera] (1762), incl. 'Dance of the Blessed Spirits' [fl & orch.] . . . Alceste [opera] (1767) . . . Iphigénie en Aulide [opera] (1774) . . . Over. to (the opera) Iphigénie en Aulide [orch.] (1774) . . . Iphigénie en Tauride [opera] (1779)
Musical Influences: Handel; Hasse; Jommelli; --Lully; Pergolesi; Rameau; SAMMARTINI; French & Italian opera
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Term
| Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Il'yich (1840-93) Russian; mainly St. Petersburg & Moscow-based from 1850 |
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Definition
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Style/Period: Late Russian Romantic (Neoclassical)
Quantity of Work Produced: extensive
Best Known For: syms.---ballets & orchestral suites drawn therefrom---concs.---orchestral pcs---operas---songs
Notable Works: . . . Sym. #1 in G minor 'Winter Daydreams' Op.13 (1866, r1874) . . . None but the Lonely Heart [song w/words after Goethe] Op.6 no.6 (1869) . . . Romeo & Juliet (Fantasy Over.) in B minor [orch.] The Seasons [pf suite] Op.37b (1875-6) . . . Marche Slave in B flat [orch.] Op.31 (1876) . . . Francesca da Rimini in E minor [sym. fantasy] Op.32 (1876) . . . Variations on a Rococo Theme in A [vc & orch.] Op.33 (1876) . . . Eugene Onegin [opera] (1877-8), incl. 'Waltz' [orch.] . . . Sym. #4 in F minor Op.36 (1877-8) . . . Violin Conc. in D Op.35 (1878) . . . 1812 Over. in E flat [concert over.] Op.49 (1880) . . . Italian Capriccio in A [orch.] Op.45 (1880) . . . Serenade in C [string orch.] Op.48 (1880) . . . Piano Trio in A minor Op.50 (1881-2) . . . Manfred Symphony in B minor [sym./sym. poem after Byron] Op.58 (1885) . . . Andante Cantabile (from String Quartet #1, Op.11) [vc & string orch. arr.] (1886?-8) . . . Suite #4 in G 'Mozartiana' [orch.] Op.61 (1887) . . . Sym. #5 in E minor Op.64 (1888) . . . The Sleeping Beauty [ballet] Op.66 (1888-9; orch. suite 1890) . . . The Queen of Spades [opera] Op.68 (1890) . . . The Nutcracker [ballet] Op.71 (1891-2; orch. suite Op.71a 1892), incl. 'Waltz of the Flowers' . . . Sym. #6 in B minor 'Pathétique' Op.74 (1893)
Musical Influences: Balakirev; -Beethoven; Berlioz; Bizet; Chopin; Delibes; Glinka; Gounod; Liszt; Massenet; --MOZART; Rubinstein; R Schumann; Russian folksong; Italian opera
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Term
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Definition
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Style/Period: Hungarian Nationalist (Neoclassical)
Quantity of Work Produced: extensive
Best Known For: piano (solo, w/orch.)---concs.---string quartets---folksong settings---ballets & Duke Bluebeard's Castle (opera)---violin (chamber combs., w/orch.)
Notable Works: . . . Hungarian folksong arrangements [solo v & pf] (1904-37?) . . . 14 Bagatelles [pf] S38 (1908) . . . String Quartet #1 S40 (1908, r1910) . . . Duke Bluebeard's Castle [opera] S48 (1911) . . . String Quartet #2 S67 (1915-7) . . . 7 Romanian Folk Dances [orch. arr.] S68 (1917) . . . The Miraculous Mandarin [pantomime ballet] S73 (1918-9, 1923, r1924-31; orch. suite 1919, 1927) . . . 2 Sonatas for Violin & Piano S75-6 (1921/1922) . . . Dance Suite [orch.] S77 (1923) . . . Mikrokosmos [6 vols. of pf studies] S107 (1926, 1932-9) . . . String Quartet #3 S85 (1927) . . . Rhapsody #1 for Violin & Piano S86 (1928) . . . String Quartet #4 S91 (1928) . . . Piano Conc. #2 S95 (1930-1) . . . String Quartet #5 S102 (1934) . . . Music for String Instruments, Percussion & Celesta S106 (1936) . . . Sonata for 2 Pianos & Percussion [4 players] S110 (1937) . . . Violin Conc. #2 S112 (1937-8) . . . Divertimento for String Orch. S113 (1939) . . . String Quartet #6 S114 (1939) . . . Conc. for Orch. S116 (1943, r1945) . . . Sonata for Unaccompanied Violin S117 (1944) . . . Piano Conc. #3 S119 (1945) . . . Viola Conc. S120 (1945)
Musical Influences: ---JS Bach; --BeethovenBrahms; Debussy,Liszt; -Mussorgsky; Schoenberg; R Strauss; +Stravinsky; Wagner
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Term
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Definition
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Style/Period: Late (post-Wagnerian) German Romantic
Genre Profile: 302---0000---0100---000---00---030
Quantity of Work Produced: modest
Best Known For: syms.---songs & song cycles---orchestration
Notable Works: . . . Songs of a Wayfarer [song cycle for solo v & orch./pf] (1883-5, r1891?-6) . . . Sym. #1 in D 'Titan' (1884-8, r1893-6) . . . Sym. #2 in C minor-E flat 'Resurrection' [2 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1888-94, r1903) . . . The Youth's Magic Horn [song cycle for solo v & orch./pf] (1892-8) . . . Sym. #3 in D minor-D [solo v, choruses & orch.] (1893-6, r1906) . . . Sym. #4 in G major-E 'Ode to Heavenly Joy' [solo v & orch.] (1892, 1899-1900, r1901-10) . . . Ruckert Lieder [5 songs for solo v & orch./pf] (1899-1902) . . . Sym. #5 in C sharp minor-D 'Giant' (1901-2, r1902-10) . . . Songs on the Death of Children [song cycle for solo v & orch.] (1901-4) . . . Sym. #6 in A minor 'Tragic' (1903-4, r1906-10) . . . Sym. #7 in E minor-C (1904-5, r1905-10) . . . Sym. #8 in E flat 'Symphony of a Thousand' [8 solo vv, choruses & orch.] (1906) . . . Song of the Earth [symphonic song cycle for 2 solo vv & orch.] (1908-9) . . . Sym. #9 in D-D flat (1908-9)
Musical Influences: ---JS Bach; --Beethoven; Berlioz; Brahms; Bruckner; Liszt;
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Term
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Definition
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Style/Period: Early Italian Baroque
Genre Profile: [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced: extensive
Best Known For: madrigals---operas---masses & other church music
Notable Works: . . . madrigals (9 books) [1-8 vv, unacc. or w/basso-continuo; some w/additional instrs.] (p1587-1651) . . . L'Orfeo [opera] (1607) . . . Lament from (the opera) L'Arianna (1608) . . . Vespro della Beata Vergine [6 vv & 6 instrs.] (1610) . . . The Coronation of Poppea [opera] (1642)
Musical Influences: G Gabrieli; -Gombert; [M'A Ingegneri]; Luzzaschi; Marenzio; Palestrina;
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Term
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Definition
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Style/Period: German Expressionist to 1924; Serial (Second Viennese school) thereafter
Genre Profile: 202---0000---2222---200---00---220
Quantity of Work Produced: modest
Best Known For: chamber music, espec. string quartets---orchestral & chamber orchestral pcs---songs
Notable Works: . . . Im Sommerwind [sym. poem] (1904) . . . Passacaglia [large orch.] Op.1 (1908) . . . 5 Movements [str qtt] Op.5 (1909) . . . 6 Pieces [orch.] Op.6 (1909) . . . 5 Pieces [small orch.] Op.10 (1911-3) . . . 6 Bagatelles [str qtt] Op.9 (1911-3) . . . 5 Canons on Latin Texts [sacred songs for solo v, cl & bass cl] Op.16 (1923-4) . . . Sym. [chamber orch.] Op.21 (1928) . . . String Quartet Op.28 (1936-8)
Musical Influences: ---JS Bach; --Beethoven; Brahms;
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Term
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Definition
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Style/Period: Post-Classical
Genre Profile: 222---2230---2122---201---03---220
Quantity of Work Produced: extensive
Best Known For: operas & opera overs.---clarinet (chamber combs., w/orch.)---piano (solo, concs.)---songs---orchestration
Notable Works: . . . Bassoon Conc. in F (1811, r1822) . . . Clarinet Conc. #1 in F minor Op.73 (1811) . . . Clarinet Conc. #2 in E flat Op.74 (1811) . . . Concertino for Clarinet & Orch. in E flat Op.26 (1811) . . . Quintet for Clarinet & String Quartet in B flat Op.34 (1815) . . . Grand Duo Concertant for Clarinet & Piano in E flat Op.48 (1815-6) . . . Der Freischütz [opera] (1817-21) . . . Invitation to the Dance in D flat [pf] Op.65 (1819; orch. arr. by Berlioz, 1841) . . . Over. to (the opera) Der Freischütz [orch.] (1821) . . . Euryanthe [opera] (1822-3) . . . Over. to (the opera) Euryanthe [orch.] (1822-3) . . . Over. to (the opera) Oberon [orch.] (1825-6)
Musical Influences: Beethoven; M Haydn; Méhul; Mozart
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Term
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Definition
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Style/Period: Late English Baroque (w/eclectic English, German & Italian elements)
Quantity of Work Produced: immense
Best Known For: oratorios---orchestral pcs---concs. & concerti grossi---operas---cantatas---organ (concs.)---trio sonatas---solo harpsichord
Notable Works: Water Music [3 orchestral suites] (1717) 'The Harmonious Blacksmith' . . . Julius Caesar [opera] (1724) . . . (1740-51) . . . Messiah [sacred oratorio for 4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1742) . . . Conc. for 2 Wind Bands & Strings #2 in F (c1746-7) . . . Music for the Royal Fireworks in D [orchestral suite] (1749) . . . Solomon [sacred oratorio for solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1749), incl. 'Sinfonia (Arrival of the Queen of Sheba)' [orch.] . . . Sonata #4 for Flute (or Recorder) & Continuo in A minor Op.1 no.4 (d?)
Musical Influences: -Carissimi; CORELLI; [R Keiser]; [G Legrenzi]; Lully; Purcell; A SCARLATTI;
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Term
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Definition
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Style/Period: Russian Nationalist (Romantic)
Quantity of Work Produced: considerable
Best Known For: operas---songs & song cycles---orchestral pcs---solo piano
Notable Works: . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1857-79) . . . St. John's Night on the Bare Mountain . . . Boris Godunov . . . Khovanshchina [opera] (1872-80) . . . Prelude to (the opera) Khovanshchina [orch.] (1872-80) . . . Pictures at an Exhibition [pf suite] (1874; various later orch. arrs. 1874-) . . . Songs & Dances of Death [song cycle for solo v & pf] (1875-7)
Musical Influences: +Balakirev; Berlioz; Dargomïzhsky; GLINKA;
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Term
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Definition
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Style/Period: Late Italian Renaissance
Quantity of Work Produced: extensive
Best Known For: sacred vocal music (masses, motets, magnificats)---secular madrigals
Notable Works: . . . secular madrigals [3-5 vv] (p1555-94) . . . Missa Papae Marcelli [6 vv] (p1567) . . . Missa brevis [4 vv] (p1570) . . . Missa tu es petrus [6 vv] (p1572) . . . Tu es petrus [sacred motet for 6 vv] (p1572) . . . Missa nigra sum [5 vv] (p1590) . . . magnificats [4-8 vv] (p1591) . . . Missa assumpta est Maria [6 vv] (d?) . . . Stabat Mater [sacred motet for 8 vv] (d?)
Musical Influences: [C Festa]; -Josquin; Morales;
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Term
| Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay (1844-1908) |
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Definition
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Style/Period: Russian Nationalist (Romantic)
Quantity of Work Produced: considerable
Best Known For: operas---orchestral pcs.---syms.---songs & song cycles---orchestration
Notable Works: . . . Sadko [sym. poem] Op.5 . . . Sym. #2 'Antar' Op.9 (1868, r1875 & 1897) . . . The Snow Maiden [opera] (1880-1, r c1895) . . . Capriccio Espagnol [orch.] Op.34 (1887) . . . Russian Easter Festival Over. [concert over.] Op.36 (1888) . . . Scheherazade [orch. suite] Op.35 (1888) . . . Flight of the Bumblebee from (the opera) The Tale of Tsar Sultan [orch.] (1899-1900) . . . Introduction & Wedding March from (the opera) The Tale of Tsar Sultan [orch.] (1903) Musical Influences: Berlioz; Liszt; --Mozart; Mussorgsky; Wagner;
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Term
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Definition
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Style/Period: Late French Romantic (Neoclassical)
Quantity of Work Produced: extensive
Best Known For: chamber music---songs & song cycles---piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---sacred choral & choral-orchestral music---orchestral
Notable Works: . . . Cantique de Jean Racine [sacred cantata for chorus & org] Sonata for Violin & Piano #1 in A Op.13 (1875-6) . . . Piano Quartet #1 in C minor Op.15 (1876-9) . . . Requiem [2 solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.48 (1877, 1887-90, 1900) . . . Après un Rêve in C minor . . . Berceuse in D (1879) . . . Elégie (1880; vc & orch. arr. c1896) . . . Ballade in F sharp [pf & orch.] . . . Clair de Lune in B flat minor [song for solo v & pf] Op.46 no.2 (1887) . . . Pavane [orch. w/chorus ad lib; also in other arrs.] Op.50 (1887) . . . La Bonne Chanson [song cycle for solo v & pf] Op.61 (1892-4) . . . Dolly [suite for pf 4 hands] Op.56 (1894-7) . . . Fantaisie [fl & pf] Op.79 (1898) . . . Suite from Pelléas et Mélisande [orch.; from incidental music to the Maeterlinck play, orch. by C. Koechlin] Op.80 (1898) . . . Impromptu [harp] Op.86 (1904) . . . Pénélope [opera] (1913) . . . Piano Trio in D minor Op.120 (1922-3) . . . String Quartet in E minor Op.121 (1923-4)
Musical Influences: Chopin; Gounod; Liszt; SAINT-SAËNS; Wagner;
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Term
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Definition
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Style/Period: Middle French Baroque
Genre Profile: [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced: considerable
Best Known For: operas (tragédies)---ballets---incidental music---sacred motets
Notable Works: . . . Cadmus et Hermione [opera] (1673) . . . Alceste [opera] (1674)
Musical Influences: Carissimi; Cavalli; Monteverdi
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