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CJ Test 6
N/A
28
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 1
11/29/2011

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Retribution
Definition
"Eye for an eye" philosophy of justice, now known as just desserts
Term
Just Desserts
Definition
Philosophy of justice that asserts that the punishment should fit the crime and culpability of the offender
Term
Deterrence
Definition
Theory of punishment that holds that potential offenders will refrain from committing crimes for fear of punishment (sometimes called general prevention)
Term
General Deterrence
Definition
Threat of punishment intended to induce the general public not to engage in criminal acts
Term
Special Deterrence
Definition
Threat of punishment that deters an offender from engaging in any additional criminal behavior, based on the disagreeable experience with a past punishment
Term
Incapacitation
Definition
preventing persons from committing crime by physical restraint, for example incarceration
Term
Selective Incapacitation
Definition
Targeting of high-risk and recidivistic offenders for rigorous prosecution and incarceration
Term
Rehabilitation
Definition
Reformation of an offender through interventions such as educational and vocational programs and psychotherapy
Term
Incarceration
Definition
sanction that requires the convicted criminal to serve a term in a local jail, state prison, or federal prison
Term
Split Sentence
Definition
sentence that requires the convicted criminal to serve time in jail followed by probation
Term
restitution
Definition
sentence that requires an offender to cover the cost of a victim's losses
Term
Community Service
Definition
Sanction that requires an offender to spend a period of time performing public service work
Term
Fine
Definition
Sum of money paid as a penalty and/or as an alternative to or in conjunction with incarceration
Term
presentence investigation report
Definition
report prepared by the probation department for a judge; contains information about the offense, the offender, and the history of prior offenses and may include a recommendation of a sentence
Term
restorative sentence
Definition
model of justice, as opposed to retributive justice, aiming at the offender's contribution to offset the harm done, including reconciliation with victims
Term
Indeterminate Sentence
Definition
Sentence for which the legislature allows the judge to impose a minimum and/ or a maximum term, the actual length of service depending on the discretion of correction officials
Term
Determinate Sentence
Definition
Sentence to prison that has a fixed term; also called a flat sentence
Term
mandatory sentence
Definition
sentence prescribed by the legislature, which the judge has no choice but to impose
Term
sentencing guidelines
Definition
system for the judicial determination of a relatively firm sentence based on aggravating or mitigating circumstances
Term
Prison Hulks
Definition
decommissioned ships converted into prisons
Term
penitentiary
Definition
prison or place of confinement and correction for persons convicted of criminal acts; originally a place where convicts did penance
Term
Reformatory
Definition
institution designed to reform criminals through individualized treatment, education, and vocational training
Term
Detention Facility
Definition
Facility that houses persons arrested and undergoing processing, awaiting trial, or awaiting transfer to a correctional facility
Term
correctional facility
Definition
facility where convicted offenders serve their sentence; includes county jails and state and federal prisons
Term
Attica prison
Definition
1971, uprising of prisoners
Term
Jail
Definition
Place of confinement administered by local officials and designed to hold persons for more than forty-eight hours but usually less than one year
Term
Prison
Definition
Federal or state penal institution in which offenders serve sentences longer than one year
Term
Balthazar Geraerts
Definition
1584, assassinated King Willem of Orange (Holland)
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