Term
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Definition
| Court- imposed programs and sanctions that allow offenders to serve their sentences within the community instead of in jail or prison |
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Term
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Definition
| An alternative to jail or prison in which the offender remains in the community under court supervision, usually within the caseload of a probation officer who is an officer of the court. |
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| Goal of Probation & Reasoning behind it |
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Definition
1. Protect Society
2. Rehabilitate the offender
-Idea that human beings are capable of change and that with proper supervision, resources, and services, offenders can be rehabilitated, while public safety is protected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Literally, "an obligation to the court" that usually requires the accused, if released on his own recognizance, to perform some act such as appearing at trial instead of being incarcerated |
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| Intensive-Supervision Probation (ISP) |
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Definition
| A variety of probation programs characterized by smaller officer caseloads and closer surveillance. |
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| Role of Probation officer |
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Definition
Called "arms of the court"
-Investigator
-Court Enforcer
-Assist offenders in solving everyday problems |
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Definition
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| Early conditional release of a prisoner from incarceration after the offender successfully serves a portion of the sentence. |
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Definition
| Reward inmates who follow prison rules and behave positively while incarcerated and to provide citizens with a more cost effective form of supervision than incarceration w/o sacrificing protection of society. |
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Term
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Definition
Groups of persons authorized by law to grant permission for selected offenders- after serving a portion of time in prison- to serve their remaining sentence in the community.
-People that serve on the boards are normally appointed to the board by a state's governor
*officers have assistance and supervision role |
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Term
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Definition
| Early release mandated by law after an offender has served a specified time in prison. |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure by which a parole board decides whether the offender meets eligibility requirements and is ready to be released from prison. |
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Definition
| Releasing inmates from prison without parole |
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Term
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Definition
| Judicial Punishments that do not require incarceration but stop short of allowing offenders to remain in the community on probation with minimal supervision. |
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Term
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Definition
| An intermediate sanction that is used in place of incarceration. Also known to divert the offender from prison. |
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Term
| Restorative Justice and its Goal |
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Definition
A process that emphasizes the offender's responsibility to repair the harm criminal behavior causes by healing the victim's traumas and resuming a law-abiding life.
-Looks at crime as harm done to people and the community rather than just a breach in the legal code.
Goal: for healing and forgiveness to replace punishment and retribution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Court ordered monetary repayment to the victim for losses, damages, or expenses suffered at the hands of the offender. |
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Term
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Definition
| Payments imposed by judges, that require offenders to pay or forfeit a specific sum of money as a penalty for committing an offense. |
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Term
| Day fines, also called "Structured Fines" |
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Definition
| Fines based on what is fair for a specific offender to pay, instead of the same penalty regardless of ability to pay. |
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Term
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Definition
| Confiscation by law enforcement of profits made by committing a crime and property used to commit a crime. Used in the prosecution of drug trafficking organized & environmental crimes. |
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Term
| Victim-Offender Mediation |
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Definition
| A process that brings victims and offenders face-to-face to work out a restitution and restorative strategy under the direction of a trained counselor or mediator. |
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Term
| House arrest (home confinement) & Goal |
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Definition
An intermediate sanction that restricts offenders to their homes during the time they are not working or attending treatment programs.
Goal: permit offenders to be employed and support themselves and their families while continuing their punishment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of technology to enforce house arrest or to monitor the whereabouts of an offender through electronic sensors, usually placed around the offender's ankle, that send a continuous signal. Gives probation and parole officers greater flexibility for controlling there whereabouts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Short-term incarceration programs used to frighten the offender by instilling uncertainty about whether the offender will be released and, if so, when. |
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Term
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Definition
| A combination of probation with short-term incarceration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Automated reporting machines, resembling an ATM, that monitor low-risk nonviolent offenders. |
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Term
| Global Positioning System (GPS) |
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Definition
| A satellite- based system that can calculate users' exact locations, direction, and speed. Many states use GPS systems to monitor sex offenders while they are on parole. |
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Term
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Definition
| Partial release of inmates to work for pay in the community and return to a correctional facility each night. |
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Definition
| A defense holding that children under age 7 could not be criminally prosecuted because they were to young to form mens rea, or criminal intent. |
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Definition
| Sending children to live with relatively wealthy families who provided the child with the basic necessities of life in return for labor. |
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Definition
| Industrial schools that housed children who were delinquent, disobedient, or otherwise wayward. |
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| Women in the 1800's who lobbies for child labor regulations, laws against child abuse, and a specialized justice system that would focus on the needs of youths. |
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Definition
| A legal doctrine that gives the government authority to step in and make decisions about children, even against the wishes of their parents, when doing so it is in the children's best interests. |
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Definition
| An offense that is illegal only because the defendant is a child, such as playing truant or running away. |
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Definition
| A mechanism to permit the transfer of some juvenile offenders to adult court. |
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Definition
| A means by which a juvenile is sent by a judge to be tried in an adult court |
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Term
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Definition
| A state law categorically excluding certain ages and offenses from juvenile court jurisdiction. |
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Term
| Direct File (prosecutorial waiver) |
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Definition
| A method that allows the prosecutor to choose whether to bring the juvenile's case to juvenile or adult court. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process during which an official decides whether to release the juvenile or refer the case to court or put the juvenile under some other supervision. |
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Term
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Definition
| The formal document that initiates a juvenile case and lays out the specific allegations against the child; serves much the same function as a criminal complaint. |
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Term
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Definition
| The probation officer who makes the initial decision about whether to proceed with a case. |
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Term
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Definition
| A situation in which as long as the child obeys certain conditions and stays out of trouble, the case will not proceed any further, such as to court. |
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Term
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Definition
| Programs that handle juvenile cases informally, rather than through the juvenile court. |
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Definition
| A Court in which teenagers serve as jurors and often as judges, attorneys, and bailiffs as well. |
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Term
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Definition
| Custodial holding of children accused of crimes to ensure they appear in court, but also to protect them from adverse home conditions or to prevent them from committing additional offenses while their case is pending. |
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Term
| Risk Assessment Instrument |
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Definition
| A worksheet that measures the degree of risk present in a given case. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hearing to determine whether the juvenile committed the action as charged. |
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Term
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Definition
| The equivalent in the juvenile system of being found guilty in adult court. |
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Term
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Definition
| The results or outcome for those juveniles adjudicated delinquent. Most common one is Probation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process in which a court record is destroyed or made legally unavailable. |
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Term
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Definition
| A juvenile record that is made inaccessible. |
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Term
| Child Protective Services |
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Definition
| County-level government organizations in all 50 states whose trained staff investigates allegations of child abuse and neglect. |
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Term
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Definition
| Requires that professionals who have regular contact with a child report any reasonable suspicions of physical or sexual abuse or neglect to the proper law enforcement or protective services. |
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Term
| Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) |
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Definition
| A volunteer selected by the courts to protect the rights and interests of child victims of abuse. |
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