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1896: idea that the states could provide separate facilities for African Americans IF those fascilities were equal to the ones used by whites.
*Idea established by Supreme Court decision PLESSY v. FURGUSON. |
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the rights of citizens are called_______ |
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the process of bringing different groups (especialy races) into society as equals |
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Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, the Court ruled that busing could be used to end the illegal segregation of the schools.
(In other words: kids could be bused from one place to even out the race(s) of another. |
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1963: A fund established by NC that was intended to help rural black families of the east and inhabitants of mountian coves to be self - supporting, |
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| state schools that provided the first 2 years of education; were originally industrial schools established by counties. |
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| poor treatment of someone based on their race, gender, or some other category. |
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Voting rights act of 1965 |
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| Legislation (laws) that provided for federal enforcement of voting rights that had been set out in the Fifteenth Ammendement to the Constitution |
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a protest where a group of people go into a public facillity and refuse to leave until their demands are heard |
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white and black people who rode public buses and attempted to integrate bus stations along the bus station's route |
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| legislation (laws) that made it illegal for ANY public place ot practice segregation |
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A practice (way of) taking kids to school by bus. The busses took the kids from their home neighborhood so there could be ethnic balance in the school. |
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a road that goes around a city to avoid downtown congestion
(like the Apex Peakway!) |
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the Court upheld a Louisiana law requiring restaurants, hotels, hospitals, and other public places to serve African Americans in separate, but ostensibly equal, accommodations.
SEPARATE BUT EQUAL IS OKAY |
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Brown v. Board of Education |
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1955: the Supreme Court ruled that school systems must abolish their separate but equal schools |
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| The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), a civil rights organization for ethnic minorities in the united States. |
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| A centrally located high school for grades 9-12. It usually combines several smaller schools inot one larger school that has more teachers and offers more courses. |
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the governing body (government) of a county |
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http://www.montgomeryboycott.com/frontpage.htm
Go here and study this |
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http://www.montgomeryboycott.com/frontpage.htm
Go here and study this |
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The Montgomery Bus Boycott officially started on December 1, 1955. That was the day when the blacks of Montgomery, Alabama, decided that they would boycott the city buses until they could sit anywhere they wanted, instead of being relegated to the back when a white boarded. |
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| The Little Rock Nine were the nine African-American students involved in the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School. Arkansas governor Orval Faubus, defied the federal court order and called out the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the Nine from entering. President Dwight D. Eisenhower responded sending in units of the U.S. Army’s 101st Airborne Division to escort the Nine into the school on September 25, 1957. The military presence remained for the duration of the school year. |
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| When people of all colors rode public transportation together in an effort to end segregation. This movement met with a lot of resistance. |
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FRom 1876-1965, laws all over the US separated black and white people in public places, saying separate was equal.
Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, public places and public transportation, and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains for whites and blacks. The U.S. military was also segregated.
SEPARATE WAS NOT EQUAL! |
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Feb 1 1960
Ezell Blair Jr. (now Jibreel Khazan), David Richmond, Joseph McNeil and Franklin McCain launch the Greensboro sit-ins. In just two months, the sit-in movement spreads to 54 cities in nine states.
It took 6 months for Woolworths to give in & serve black people. |
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Ezell Blair Jr. (now Jibreel Khazan)
David Richmond
Joseph McNeil
Franklin McCain
Started the Greeensboro sit ins at the Woolworth counter |
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| In August of 1963 March on Washington attracted an estimated 250,000 people for a peaceful demonstration to promote Civil Rights and economic equality for African Americans. Participants walked down Constitution and Independence avenues, then — 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation was signed — gathered before the Lincoln Monument for speeches, songs, and prayer. Televised live to an audience of millions, the march provided dramatic moments, most memorably the Rev Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech. |
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| The 24th Amendment to the Constitution guarantees that no person can be denied the right to vote due to an inability to pay a tax prior to voting. |
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| Emmett was murdered just a few months prior to the start of the bus boycott in Montgomery. His murder is considered by many historians to be one of the catalysts for the Civil Rights Movement. Even white people who didn't believ in civil right for black people were so disgusted by Emmett's murder that that woudl not stand by the killers. Many think that teh anger of BOTH white and black people help fuel this bus boycotts. |
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First African-American student at the University of Mississippi.
His entry into the university was met with violent protest and is considered a flash point of the Civil Rights Movement. |
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Civil rights leader that stressed non-violent protest;
Beliefs about non-violence were derived from the teachings of Christianity, Gandhi, and A. Philip Randolph |
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| Segregationist governor of Alabama that attempted to physically block integration of the University of Alabama. |
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| Rosa Parks refused to move to the back of the bus, because she was tired from working a very long day. She was tired of being treated poorly. Her action led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. |
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| He was the lawyer who argued FOR the plaintiffs (the people who start the lawsuit) in Brown v. Board of Education. He later became the first African-American member of the U.S. Supreme Court. |
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Was a leader of the Nation of Islam which rejected integration.
He did not agree with Dr. King’s approach to the civil rights movement. He believed in a more militant philosophy.
He later became a convert to orthodox Islam and began to promote the notion of brotherhood between blacks and whites.
He was assassinated before he could carry this message very far. |
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| He promoted integration as the leader of SNCC; later served as a leader of the Black Panther Party and focused more on Black Nationalism and the Pan-Africanist Movement. |
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SNCC
(Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) |
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| This organization helped organize sit-ins and other events that helpe move the Civil Rigths moverment forward. |
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Presidents that initiated and helped to pass civil rights legislation.
Johnson also coined the term “The Great Society” that was reflective of his stance on Civil Rights. |
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| Lyndon Johnson believed in “The Great Society” - a world that didn't knwo prejudice |
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This governor implemented several reforms, including the North Carolina Fund, to help promote racial equality across the state.
He worked hard to desegregate and joing people together. |
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Pearsall Plan
(Thomad Pearsall) |
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| This plan would allow local school districts to decide for themselves whether or not to integrate. |
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| African-American principal who lobbied an all-white school board for funding for his segregated school. |
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| March for a cause carrying signs and/or chanting |
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| Laws that require business to hire people of color. |
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Rows and rows of small houses owned by business owners. Employees lived in these houses.
Often the houses were small with few windows and ammenities. |
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| This lady was born in 1922 in Brogden, which is near Smithfield. She became North Carolina's first female movie star. |
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| This white North Carolina Fund volunteer became a famous symbol of integration in NC when her picture was taken while sitting in a chair with a preschool African American boy on her lap. |
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