Term
The heart wall is composed of _____ layers of tissues.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5 |
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Definition
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Term
Blood that is transported to and from all of the tissues of the body with the exception of the lungs is in the...
A) venous circulation.
B) pulomonary circuit.
C) arterial circulation.
D) portal circulation.
E) systemic circulation. |
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Definition
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Term
The serous membrane lining the pericardial cavity is the...
A) pericardium.
B) endocaridum.
C) myocardium.
D) mediastinum.
E) pleura. |
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Definition
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Term
During ventricular systole, the...
A) pressure in the ventricles declines.
B) ventricles are relaxed.
C) atria are contracting.
D) the ventricles are filling.
E) atrioventricular valves (AV valves) are closed. |
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Definition
| E) atrioventricular valves (AV valves) are closed. |
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Term
The epicardium is also called the...
A) visceral pericardium.
B) pericardial sac.
C) parietal pericardium.
D) pericardial cavity.
E) fibrous pericardium. |
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Definition
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Term
Functions of the endocardium include...
A) covering the outer surface of the heart.
B) forming the atria and ventricles of the heart.
C) covering the inner surfaces of the heart, including the valves.
D) covering the interatrial septum.
E) all of the above. |
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Definition
| C) covering the inner surfaces of the heart, including the valves. |
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Term
Most of the thickness of the heart wall is the...
A) fibrous pericardium.
B) parietal and visceral layers of teh epicardium.
C) endocardium.
D) connective tissue.
E) myocardium. |
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Definition
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Term
Cardiac muscle differs from other muscle tissue in...
A) having fewer mitochondria.
B) having fibers connected to one another at intercalated disks.
C) having striations.
D) no ways; it is not unusual.
E) having larger sized fibers than other striated muscles. |
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Definition
| B) having fibers connected to one another at intercalated disks. |
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Term
Exchange vessels are...
A) venules.
B) capillaries.
C) arterioles.
D) arteries.
E) all of the above. |
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Definition
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Term
The border between the atria and the ventricles is...
A) impossible to identify externally.
B) marked by the interventricular sulci.
C) at the midsagittal plane.
D) marked by the coronary sulcus.
E) none of the above. |
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Definition
| D) marked by the coronary sulcus. |
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Term
The inferior tip of the heart is the...
A) pulmonary surface.
B) base.
C) anterior surface.
D) apex.
E) sternocostal surface. |
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Definition
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Term
Prominent muscular ridges that run along the inner surface of the auricle and across the adjacent atrial wall are the...
A) foramen ovale.
B) pectinate muscles.
C) papillary muscles.
D) trabeculae carneae.
E) chordae tendineae. |
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Definition
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Term
Externally the posterior and inferior portions of the left ventricle form the...
A) right border.
B) left border.
C) sternocostal surface.
D) superior border.
E) diaphragmatic surface. |
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Definition
| E) diaphragmatic surface. |
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Term
Blood travels from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the...
A) fossa ovalis.
B) conus arteriosus.
C) mitral valve.
D) semilunar valve.
E) tricuspid valve. |
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Definition
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Term
Grooves on the external surface of the heart that divide the right and left ventricles include the...
A) lateral sulcus.
B) anterior interventricular sulcus.
C) coronary fissure.
D) posterior interventricular sulcus.
E) B and D. |
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Definition
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Term
Blood is supplied to the muscle of the heart through the...
A) interventricular septum.
B) coronary arteries.
C) conus arteriosus.
D) cardiac sinus.
E) pulmonary arteries. |
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Definition
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Term
The grooves on the outside of the heart contain...
A) cardiac veins.
B) anastomoses.
C) fat.
D) coronary arteries.
E) all of the above. |
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Definition
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Term
The left atrium receives blood from the...
A) pulmonary trunk.
B) mitral valve.
C) coronary arteries.
D) aorta.
E) pulmonary veins. |
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Definition
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Term
The left ventricle...
A) receives blood from the left atrium though the tricuspid valve.
B) has tinner muscular walls than does the right ventricle.
C) pumps blood out of the heart to the pulmonary circuit.
D) sends blood out through the aortic semilunar valve to the systemic circulation.
E) does all of the above. |
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Definition
| D) sends blood out through the aortic semilunar valve to the systemic circulation. |
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Term
The left ventricle is associated with all of the following except the...
A) papillary muscles.
B) bicuspid valve.
C) aorta.
D) trabeculae cameae.
E) pulmonary trunk. |
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Definition
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Term
The right ventricle pumps blood into the...
A) pulmonary arteries.
B) pulmonary semilunar valves.
C) vena cava.
D) pulmonary veins.
E) aorta. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following valves is assisted in functioning by the papillary muscles?
A) tricuspid valve.
B) bicuspid valve.
C) right atrioventricular valve.
D) left atrioventricular valve.
E) all of the above. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is true of the coronary arteries?
A) Together they supply part of the heart muscle with oxygen.
B) They originate at the base of the aorta and are the first branch off this vessel.
C) They open and close in pulsation with the contraction and relaxation of the heart ventricles.
D) They branch off the pulmonary veins.
E) None of the above are true. |
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Definition
| B) They originate at the base of the aorta and are the first branch off this vessel. |
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Term
Which of the following is an incorrect assocation?
A) semilunar-pulmonary valve
B) atrioventricular-aortic valve
C) atrioventricular-mitral valve
D) atrioventricular-tricuspid valve
E) none of the above are correct |
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Definition
| B) atrioventricular-aortic valve |
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Term
Which of the following is true of the contraction of the heart?
A) Cardiac contraction are coordinated by specialized conductive cardiac muscle fibers.
B) The muscle obtains the beat from the pacemaker region exclusively.
C) The contractions do not occur in any specific sequence each time.
D) The ventricles contract first, followed by the atria.
E) None of the above are true. |
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Definition
| A) Cardiac contraction are coordinated by specialized conductive cardiac muscle fibers. |
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Term
The main pacemaker region of the heart is...
A) in the interventricular septum.
B) able to cause the atria and ventricles to contract simultaneously.
C) in the wall of the right atrium.
D) able to cause the muscle to begin to contract at the apex.
E) electrically active nodal tissue located in the wall of the left ventricle. |
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Definition
| C) in the wall of right atrium. |
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Term
Which of the following empties directly into the the right atrium?
A) middle cardiac vein
B) great cardiac vein
C) small cardiac vein
D) anterior cardiac veins
E) none of the above |
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Definition
| D) anterior cardiac veins |
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Term
Structures in the heart that establish the rate of contraction are called...
A) Purkinje fibers.
B) the chordae tendineae.
C) conducting fibers.
D) nodes.
E) none of the above. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is a major component of the conduction system located in the interventricular septum?
A) sinoatrial node (SA node)
B) Purkinje fibers
C) atrioventricular node (AV node)
D) bundle branches
E) none of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Blood vessels, in correct order from the largest to the smallest, are:
(1) capillaries
(2) aorta
(3) major arteries
(4) arterioles
(5) pulmonary trunk
A) 5, 4, 3, 2 or 4, 1
B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
C) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
D) 2, 5, 3, 4, 1
E) 1, 3, 5, 2 or 1 |
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Definition
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Term
The innermost layer of a blood vessel, which includes the endothelial lining and an underlying layer of connective tissue with variable amounts of elastic fibers, is the...
A) external elastic membrane.
B) tunica interna.
C) internal elastic membrane.
D) tunica externa.
E) tunica media. |
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Definition
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Term
An artery can be distinguished from a vein by all of the following means except...
A) arteries have a smaller lumen than does a similar-sized vein.
B) in cross section, the lumen of the vein appears to be thrown into folds, while that of an artery is smooth.
C) arterial walls are thicker than those of veins.
D) because arterial walls are thick and strong, they retain their round shape, while the walls of veins are thinner and tend to collapse.
E) there are no exceptions; all of the above are true. |
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Definition
| B) in cross section, the lumen of teh vein appears to be thrown into folds, while that of an artery is smooth. |
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Term
Which of the following applies to elastic arteries?
A) They have a poorly defined tunica externa.
B) The tunica media of these arteries contains a highly density of elastic fibers and relatively few smooth muscle cells.
C) The tunica media consists of scattered smooth muscle fibers that do not form a complete layer.
D) These vessels distribute blood to the skeletal muscles and internal organs of the body.
E) None of the above applies to elastic arteries. |
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Definition
| B) The tunica media of these arteries contains a high density of elastic fibers and relatively few smooth muscle cells. |
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Term
Muscular arteries...
A) are larger than elastic arteries and smaller than arterioles.
B) serve as the cushion to prevent sudden rises in blood pressure from causing trouble for the circulation.
C) are exemplified by the external carotid, brachial, and femoral arteries.
D) have a thick tunica media with a large amount of smooth muscle fiber within them.
E) have the attributes of C and D. |
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Definition
| E) have the attributes of C and D. |
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Term
Which of the following is untrue of a capillary?
A) It has a relatively thick tunica media.
B) The vessel walls are relatively thin.
C) The histological structure of a capillary wall permits a two-way exchange of substances between the blood and body cells.
D) Blood flow through a capillary is the slowest of all classes of vessels.
E) There are no exceptions; all of the above are true. |
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Definition
| A) It is relatively thick tunica media. |
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Term
Large arteries that tend to branch after a short distance are called...
A) muscular arteries.
B) anastomoses.
C) metarteries.
D) trunks.
E) none of the above. |
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Definition
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Term
The ascending aorta begins at (the)...
A) aortic valve.
B) apex of the heart.
C) conus arteriosus.
D) external carotid artery.
E) all of the above. |
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Definition
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Term
The right common carotid artery and right subclavian arteries are branches of (the)...
A) vertebral artery.
B) brachiocephalic trunk.
C) aortic arch.
D) thyrocervical trunk.
E) none of the above. |
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Definition
| B) brachiocephalic trunk. |
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Term
Veins are much more easily distended under pressure than are arteries...
A) only in a few specialized cases.
B) because of vasoconstriction.
C) because their walls are thicker, an veins contain a greater proportion of elastic fibers and collagen.
D) because their walls are thinner and contain a lower proportion of smooth muscle fibers.
E) because of none of the above reasons. |
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Definition
| D) because their walls are thinner and contain a lower proportion of smooth muscle fibers. |
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Term
After leaving the thoracic cavity and passing over the outer border of the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the...
A) ulnar artery.
B) radial artery.
C) axillary artery.
D) clavicular artery.
E) brachial artery. |
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Definition
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Term
The outermost layer of a blood vessel is (the)...
A) tunica intima.
B) tunica extema.
C) endothelim.
D) tunica media.
E) none of the above. |
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Definition
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Term
Another name for elastic arteries is....
A) muscular arteries.
B) conducting arteries.
C) small arteries.
D) distributing arteries.
E) none of the above. |
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Definition
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Term
After passing from the thoracic cavity over the border of the first rib, the subclavian artery changes its name. Then name changes continue along the arm and to the hand. In correct order, these names are...
(1) superficial palmar arch
(2) deep palmar arch
(3) brachial artery
(4) radial artery
(5) axillary artery
(6) ulnar artery
A) 5, 3, 4 or 6, 1 or 2
B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
C) 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
D) 1 or 4, 2, 3 or 5, 6
E) None of the above orders is correct. |
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Definition
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Term
The parietal branches of the thoracic aorta include the...
A) superior diphramatic arteries.
B) intercostal arteries.
C) mediastinal arteries.
D) pericardial arteries.
E) A and B. |
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Definition
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Term
Unpaired arteries that branch from the abdominal aorta include the...
A) gonadal.
B) superior mesenteric.
C) inferior mesenteric.
D) supraenal.
E) B and C. |
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Definition
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Term
The terminal segment of the abdominal aorta divides directly to form...
A) three inferior branches.
B) the internal iliac arteries.
C) the common iliac arteries.
D) the external iliac arteries.
E) none of the above. |
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Definition
| C) the common iliac arteries. |
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Term
Which of the following is not a branch of the common hepatic artery?
A) gastroduodenal artery
B) hepatic artery proper
C) right gastric artery
D) cystic artery
E) splenic artery |
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Definition
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Term
In the leg, the femoral artery becomes the...
A) saphenous artery.
B) deep femoral artery.
C) popliteal artery.
D) tibial artery
E) iliac artery. |
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Definition
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Term
Blood in the hepatic portal vein carries blood...
A) from the kidneys.
B) high in oxygen.
C) high in nutrients.
D) high in acid.
E) that is all of the above. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of these is not a tributary of the hepatic portal vein?
A) superior mesenteric vein
B) lumbar vein
C) inferior mesenteric vein
D) splenic vein
E) left colic vein |
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Definition
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Term
At the ankle, the anterior tibial artery becomes (the)...
A) dorsalis pedis artery.
B) lateral plantar artery.
C) medial plantar artery.
D) dorsal plantar arch.
E) none of the above. |
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Definition
| A) dorsalis pedis artery. |
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Term
The radial side of the arm contains a long superficial vein named the...
A) median antebrachial vein.
B) cubital vein.
C) basilic vein.
D) radial vein.
E) cephalic vein. |
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Definition
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Term
Why do arteries lack the valves that commonly present in veins?
A) No explanation is known.
B) Arterial blood pressure is high enough that no valves are required to prevent the regurgitation of blood in the wrong direction.
C) The statement is untrue; arteries have valves.
D) The blood pressure in arteries is too high to permit valves to function correctly.
E) None of the above are reasons arteries lack valves. |
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Definition
| B) Arterial blood pressure is high enough that no vlaves are required to prevent teh regurgitation of blood in the wrong direction. |
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Term
A major difference between the arterial and venous systems is that...
A) veins are usually less branched than arteries.
B) in the limbs there is dual venous drainage.
C) arteries are usually more superficial than veins.
D) all of the above are true.
E) none of the above are true. |
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Definition
| B) in the limbs there is dual venous drainage. |
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Term
Another name for the brachiocephalic vein is (the)...
A) cranial vein.
B) innominate vein
C) brachial vein.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above. |
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Definition
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Term
The longest vein in the body is the...
A) small saphenous vein.
B) femoral vein.
C) sartorius vein.
D) cephalic vein.
E) great saphenous vein. |
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Definition
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Term
All of the following empty directly into the inferior vena cava except...
A) superior mesenteric vein.
B) hepatic veins.
C) lumbar veins.
D) the suprarenal veins.
E) there are no exceptions; all of them empty into the inferior vena cava. |
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Definition
| A) superior mesenteric vein. |
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Term
Components of the lymphatic system include the:
(1) pancreas (2) spleen (3) lymphatic vessels
(4) thymus (5) lymph nodes (6) thoracic duct
A) all of the above
B) none of the above
C) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
D) 1, 4, 6
E) 1, 3, 5, 6 |
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Definition
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Term
Which lymphatic vessels have valves?
A) lymphatic ducts
B) large lymphatic vessels
C) lymphatic capillaries
D) lymphatic sacs
E) all of the above |
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Definition
| B) large lymphatic vessels |
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Term
Lymph nodes...
A) filter both blood and lymph.
B) receive lymph through the efferent vessels.
C) manufacture lymph.
D) do not occur in the brain.
E) occur in all regions of the body. |
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Definition
| D) do not occur in the brain. |
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Term
Most of the lymph returns to teh venous circulation by way of the...
A) lymph nodes.
B) cisterna chyli.
C) hepatic portal vein.
D) right lymphatic duct.
E) thoracic duct. |
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Definition
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Term
Deep lymphatics are found...
A) in the walls of organs.
B) in the brain.
C) under mucous membranes.
D) near deep arteries and veins.
E) in subcuteanous tissue. |
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Definition
| D) near deep arteries and veins. |
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Term
When is the thymus most active?
A) during infancy and youth
B) during old age
C) during middle age
D) from puberty to adulthood
E) throughout life |
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Definition
| A) during infacy and youth |
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Term
The thoracic duct...
A) carries lymph to the right brachiocephalic vein.
B) carries lymph originating in tissues superior to the diaphragm.
C) carries lymph from the right bronchomediastinal trunk.
D) joins the left subclavian vein immediately lateral to where the left internal jugular vein joins.
E) does A and B. |
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Definition
| D) joins the left subclavian vein immediately lateral to where the left internal jugular vein joins. |
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Term
Which of these is not a part of a lymph node?
A) medulla
B) hilus
C) trabeculae
D) cortex
E) white pulp |
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Definition
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