Home > Flashcards > Anatomy > Circulatory System

Details Title: Circulatory System Description: Class 107 - Test Review Total Flash Cards: 59 Created: 06/05/2006 08:31:59	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term HYPERTENSION RISK FACTORS Definition FACTORS INCLUDE: genetics arteriosclerosis (hardening/narrowing) kidney disease (regulation of BP) advancing age (normal breakdown) obesity (larger body mass) diabetes (blood thickens) Term HYPERTENSION Definition high blood pressure - sustained pressures greater than 140/90 Term MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION Definition heart attack heart muscle dies (infarcts) because of lack of blood supply Term MASSAGE FOR ANGINA PECTORIS Definition beneficial if mild, for stress reduction get MD consult first work slowly watch for shortness of breath & cyanosis (blue skin) no massage in prone or left sidelying no abdominal work Term ANGINA PECTORIS Definition chest pain that may radiate to the left shoulder and down the left arm or to the jaw Term SIGNS OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE Definition SIGNS INCLUDE: angina pectoris shortness of breath heartburn fatigue Term CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD) Definition heart muscle damage due to insufficient blood supply via coronary arteries - typically due to clot formation in coronary arteries Term MYOCARDIUM Definition heart muscle Term CORONARY ARTERIES Definition arteries that supply the heart Term CORONARY VEINS Definition veins that supply the heart Term RISK FACTORS FOR ARTERIOSCLEROSIS Definition FACTORS INCLUDE: genetics diabetes high fat diet stress smoking Term EMBOLUS Definition a blood clot that moves within a blood vessel Term THROMBUS Definition a blood clot formation within a vessel Term ISCHEMIA Definition decreased blood flow to a tissue causing pain and loss of function Term OCCLUSION Definition blockage of blood flow Term ARTERIOSCLEROSIS Definition thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in arteries - deposits of fatty plaques and scar tissues in arterial walls Term EFFECTS OF MASSAGE ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Definition INCREASES CIRCULATION BY: reducing tissue ischema & pain supports removal of metabolic waste increases oxygen & nutrient delivery reduces edema by increasing fluid exchange increases venous return to the heart Term ORDER OF BLOOD CIRCULATION Definition beginning at rt. atria -> right AV valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary valve -> pulmonary artery (deoxygenated) -> capillaries of lungs -> pulmonary vein (oxygenated) -> left atria -> left AV valve -> left ventricle -> aortic valve -> aorta -> systemic arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins -> superior vena cava (clean lymph added here) -> right atria Term PULSE Definition the result of the wave motion of blood being pumped through the body Term FACTORS AFFECTING BLOOD PRESSURE Definition FACTORS INCLUDE: blood volume - more force = more pressure increase in heart rate (exercise, sympathetic nervous system) increase in blood viscosity (thickness) vasoconstriction (narrowing) of vessels Term DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE Definition lower blood pressure number - relaxed state. 85 and under - normal 85-89 - high normal 90-99 - hypertension, stage 1 100-109 - hypertension, stage 2 110-119 - hypertension, stage 3 (emergency) 120 and over - hypertension, stage 4 (emergency) Term SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE Definition higher blood pressure number - contracted state. 130 and under - normal 130-139 - high normal 140-159 - hypertension, stage 1 160-179 - hypertension, stage 2 180-209 - hypertension, stage 3 (emergency) 210 and over - hypertension, stage 4 (emergency) Term SYSTOLE Definition "Lub" sound squeezing of the heart, highest pressure - is the higher BP number Term DIASTOLE Definition "Dub" sound diolation, relaxation - relaxed pressure lower BP number Term SINOATRIAL (SA) NODE Definition the main pacemaker in the heart - right side Term BRADYCARDIA Definition a slower-than-normal heartrate Term TACHYCARDIA Definition a faster-than-normal heartrate Term ARRHYTHMIA Definition heartrate that has no rhythm, such as skipping beats Term FACTORS THAT CONTROL HEARTRATE Definition FACTORS INCLUDE: parasympathetic response sympathetic response body temperature (cold decreases heartrate/heat increases heartrate ) Term ARTERIES Definition CHARACTERISTICS INCLUDE: are high pressure vessels delivers oxygenated blood (except for pulmonary artery) are strong and elastic Term AORTA Definition largest artery in the body Term ARTERIOLES Definition smallest branch of arteries in the body controls blood flow from arteries into capillaries Term CAPILLARIES Definition smallest and thinnest blood vessels, a single cell in width responsible for nutrient delivery and waste removal connects smallest arteriole with smallest venule Term VENULES Definition smallest branches of veins in the body Term BLOOD PRESSURE Definition the pressure or force that blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels/heart Term VEINS Definition CHARACTERISTICS INCLUDE: low pressure vessels returns deoxygenated blood (except for pulmonary vein) contains valves that prevent backflow movement of blood is dependent on skeletal muscle contraction serves as blood reservoir Term FUNCTIONS OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Definition FUNCTIONS INCLUDE: transports blood throughout the body - brings in nutrition, disposes of wastes regulates body temperature - vasodilation/vasoconstriction Term PULMONARY CIRCULATION Definition gas exchange from lungs Term SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION Definition nutrient exchange from body (blood) Term PERICARDIUM Definition bag/sac-like layer around the heart Term SUPERIOR/INFERIOR VENAE CAVA Definition largest vein in the body - comes in above and below the heart Term PULMONARY ARTERY Definition artery that moves blood away from the heart and towards the lungs Term PULMONARY VEIN Definition vein that moves blood towards the heart from the lungs Term RIGHT/LEFT ATRIUM Definition super chambers in the heart - "waiting rooms" Term RIGHT/LEFT VENTRICLE Definition inferior chambers in the heart - in the "V" of the heart Term DIRECTION OF BLOOD FLOW - VEINS Definition vessels that carry blood towards the heart Term DIRECTION OF BLOOD FLOW - ARTERIES Definition vessels that carry blood away from the heart Term ATRIOVENTRICULAR (AV) VALVES Definition (right & left) valve located between the atrium and ventricle Term PULMONARY VALVE Definition valves going towards the lungs - right side of heart Term AORTIC VALVE Definition valve going towards the vessels of the body - left side of heart Term MASSAGE FOR HYPERTENSION Definition contraindicated if systolic is above 160 or diastolic is above 95 contraindicated anytime blood pressure is not under control with medication/lifestyle modifications follow "cardiac precautions" under angina Term CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE Definition disease when heart muscle weakens and cannot pump blood efficiently Term SIGNS/SYMPTOMS OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE Definition SIGNS INCLUDE: weakness fatigue shortness of breath nonproductive cough pitting edema in lower extremities weight gain due to water and sodium retention Term VARICOSE VEINS Definition distended and twisted superficial veins - due to "broken" valves Term MASSAGE FOR VERICOSE VEINS Definition locally contraindicated for extreme cases and areas distal to the problem in mild cases direct work is contraindicated, but is otherwise considered safe Term THROMBOPHLEBITIS Definition deep vein thrombosis inflammation of a vein in conjunction with the formation of a thrombus clot - most common in calf & thigh Term SIGNS/SYMPTOMS OF THROMBOPHLEBITIS Definition redness, heat, swelling & pain "hard cord" on affected vein edema with discoloration distal to the area aching calf pain Term RISKS OF THROMBOPHLEBITIS Definition risks include throwing a clot and causing a pulmonary embolus - clot that lodges in the lungs Term ANEURYSM Definition permanent dilation (bulging) in the wall of a vessel due to weakness or damage to the vessel wall - may rupture, causing bleeding or death massage is contraindicated