Term
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Definition
| A failure of pumps, pipes, & circulating sbstances |
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Term
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Definition
| A generalized inadequacy of blood flow to tissues rlative to their metabolic needs. |
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Term
| If circulatory shock goes untreated or is prolonged, this can happen |
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Definition
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Term
| Principle targets of MOF in circulatory shock |
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Definition
| lungs, splanchnic organs (kidneys, bowel, liver) |
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Term
| Number of classifications of shock |
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Definition
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Term
| Two systems of shock most widely used |
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Definition
| etilogic & pathophysiologic |
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Term
| Etiologic shock system categories |
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Definition
| hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, & distributive |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hypovolemic shock can be due to... |
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Definition
external fluid loss
internal sequestration |
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Term
| inability of the heart to pump blood to maintain adequate arterial pressure; due to increased cardiac output |
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Definition
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Term
| Cardiogenic shock can be caused by... |
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Definition
| myocarditis, arrythmias, severe congestive heart failure, acute vvascular insufficiency, or cardiac tamponade |
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Term
| a group of lesoins that restrict cardiac ejectoin into the aterial tree |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| including valvular stenosis & aortic lesions |
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Term
| An expansion of the vascular space due to regional or generalized loss of vasculara tone. |
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Definition
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Term
| Causes of distributive shock... |
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Definition
| neurogenic, anaphylatic, septic, & endotoxic shock |
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Term
| Loss of vascular tone is much the same as___ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nervous system dysfuction with loss of sympathetic tone |
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Term
| T/F neurogenic shock cannot be drug induced. |
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Definition
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Term
| Drugs that can induce neurogenic shock... |
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Definition
| antehesia, alpha-adrenogenic blocking agents (acepromazine) |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs in sensitized animlas affter exposure to an allergin |
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Term
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Definition
| due to pathogenic bacteria in blood stream |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of venular & arteriolar tone |
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Term
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Definition
| results from infection from gram negative organisms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| non-progressive stage. Normal circulatory compensatoy mechanisms usually cause complete recovery |
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Term
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Definition
| Progressive stage, shock becomes progressively worse if left untreated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Irreversible stage. multiorgan failure = death |
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Term
| Physiologis response to stage I |
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Definition
sympathetic compensatory responses
renin-angiotensis system
ADH
Starling's forces
restoration of HCT |
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Term
| In the Sympathetic compensatory response, shock stimulates baroreceptor & vol receptors which result in: |
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Definition
systemic arteiolar vasoconstriction
Veus & venule constriction
Compensatory tachycardia |
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Term
| increased afterload & decreased tissue perfusion |
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Definition
| systemic arteriolar vasocontriction |
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Term
| an increase in venous return, preload, cardiac output & tissue perfussion |
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Definition
| Venus and venular constriction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| decreased renal perfusion causes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the juxaglomerular apparatus (JGA) in the kidney |
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Term
| renin causes the conversion of what? |
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Definition
| angiotensinogen to angiotensin I |
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Term
| Angiotensin I is converted to angiontensin II and goes ___ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex |
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Term
| Antifiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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Definition
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Term
| released from the posterior pituitary in response to decreased arterial strech receptor firing & increased plasma osmolarity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
increased thirst
increased water retention by the kidneys
vasoconstriction |
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Term
| balance of hydrostatic & osmotic forces |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypovolemis causes a decrease in __ __ & and in crease in __ __ __ |
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Definition
hydrostatic pressure
plasma oncotic pressure |
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Term
| the increase in fluid vol causes a decrease in __ |
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Definition
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Term
| decrease in RBC concentration causes |
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Definition
| the release of erythropoietin from the kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in bone marrow production of RBCs |
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Term
| erythropoietin is important |
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Definition
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Term
| Response to stage II or stage III shock |
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Definition
| cardiac depression, vasomotor failure, blockage of microcirculation, incresed capillary prmeaniliy, endotoxemia/septicemia, release of toxic mediators |
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Term
| treatment of shock should be directed towards |
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Definition
| rapid restoration of cardia output, tissue perfussion, & tissue homeostasis |
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Term
| Most important in treating shock |
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Definition
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Term
| adequate volume replacement, acid-base normilazation, & antimicrobial therapy (if needed) are all required of |
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Definition
| proper treatment of shock |
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Term
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Definition
Isotonic saline
Hypertonic saline |
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Term
| therapy of choice for rapid volume expansion |
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Definition
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Term
| small volume administartion will draw fluid from the extravascular space. Must always be used in combination with osotonic crystalliods |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| arge osmotically active molecules that, when given IV, draw fluids into the vascular space. |
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Term
| whole blood, plasma, albumin, dextrans, hydroxyelthyl starch (hetastarch & pentastarch) and cell-free hemoglobin solutions (Oxyglobin) |
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Definition
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Term
| avantages of colloid vs crystalloid therapy |
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Definition
prevents hemodilution of plasma proteins
provides long term vs short term expansion (more sustained increased circulating volume) |
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Term
| Most popular colloid used |
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Definition
| hetastarch - synthesized by enzamatic clevage of amylopectin |
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Term
| each gram draws 18ml of fluid into vascular space - but will kill patient |
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Definition
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Term
Only way to really address hypoalbuminemia
will act as O2 radical scavenger, bind inflammatory mediators and even other drugs |
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Definition
| Albumin (Lypohilised Canine Albumin) |
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Term
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Definition
| Dextrans, gelatins, & Oxyglobin |
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Term
| produced by the bacterium. Leucinostoic mesenteroides growth in sucrose |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
usually not available, expensive, no species limitations (free antigenic determinates)
can cause vol oveload & scavage NO |
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Term
Sympathomometic drugs
(noreppinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, ephedrine, phenylephrine) |
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Definition
| particullary effective in neurogenic and anaphylactic shock |
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Term
| mild acidosis will be self-limiting if |
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Definition
| as volume replacement is achieved |
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Term
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Definition
| possible early stage of septic sock |
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Term
| sever acidosis (<7.1) requires the administartion of... |
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Definition
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Term
| Possibel additional therapys to shock |
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Definition
| antimicrobial treatment and supplemenal O2 |
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Term
| T/F always use the maximum dose when giving vasodialation drugs for treatment ofneurogrnic shock. |
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Definition
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Term
| If an animal is in heart failure then what might cause it to need an ace inhibitor? |
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Definition
| Angiotension II because can't pull off the renin-angiotensin pathway |
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Term
| in shock, tissue edema occurs wher? |
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Definition
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Term
| Has controversal use in shock therapy treatment |
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Definition
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Term
| In metabolic acidosis the key to success |
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Definition
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