Term
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Definition
Rhythms that last about a day (roughly 24 hrs)
Ex- waking and sleeping, urine production |
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Term
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Definition
"time giver" Stimulus that resets the biological clock
ex- Temperature, noise, exercise, meals, light (dominant for land animals) |
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Term
| Purpose of the Endogenous rhythms |
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Definition
| To prepare for changes in the environment before they occur. |
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Term
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Definition
A disruption of circadian rhythms due to crossing time zones.
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Term
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Definition
| excessive sleepiness, smaller than avg. hippocampus, memory impairment. |
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Term
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Definition
| People who work out-of-synch with regular sleep-wake cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| Can't sleep during day, circadian rhythms (temperature), do not adjust to new attempted sleep-cycle. |
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Term
| Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) |
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Definition
| (biological clock) Main control center for sleep and body temperature circadian rhythms, depends on the hypothalamus |
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Term
| What is the behavioral result of a lesion on the SCN? |
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Definition
| The body's rythms are less consistent and no longer synchronized to environment patterns of light and dark |
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Term
| How do brain transplants help prove role of SCN? |
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Definition
| Helped prove that SCN has a clock, helped mutant genes produce a 24 hour cycle. |
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Term
| What are some genes involved in sleep? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some proteins in sleep? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are genes and proteins involved in sleep? |
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Definition
clock-regulates sleep time
light disrupts/inactivates clock and period genes |
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Term
| Retinohypothalamic pathway |
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Definition
| projection that goes directly from the retina to the SCN providing it with info about light |
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Term
| In what way does the retinohypothalamic pathway contribute to the circadian rhythm? |
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Definition
| Impacts the biological clock |
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Term
| What retinal cells does the pathway project and where does it go? |
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Definition
| Comes from ganglion cells with a photoreceptor |
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Term
| How is melatonin involved in circadian rhythms? |
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Definition
| Advances biological clock, makes cells of SCN more sensitive to zeitgebers get info about light from retina and SCN and melatonin feeds back on SCN |
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Term
| What structure makes/releases melatonin? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is melatonin released? |
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Definition
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Term
| What brain structure responds to melatonin? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do humans respond to melatonin? |
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Definition
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