Term
| What is Chronic bronchitis defined as? |
|
Definition
| Presence of cough and sputum on most days for at least 3 months of the year for a minimum of 2 years in succession |
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Term
| What is the difference between chronic bronchitis and emphysema? |
|
Definition
1) chronic bronchitis - hypersecretion of mucus and structural changes of the bronchi
2) Emphysema-abnormal and permanent enlargement of the air spaces w/destruction of the alveolar walls |
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Term
| What are the 2 most common causes of CAO? |
|
Definition
1) chronic bronchitis
2) emphysema |
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Term
| What can 80-90% of CAO cases be attributed too? |
|
Definition
| Smoking at least 10 years duration |
|
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Term
| What is considered abnormal for FEV and FEV/FVC? |
|
Definition
| FEV <80%, and FEV/FVC - <70% |
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Term
| What is the pathologic hallmark of late chronic bronchitis? |
|
Definition
| enlargement of the mucus glands in the major bronchi, findings include erythema, edema, and friability of the tracheobronchial mucosa |
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Term
| Panacinar emphysema is more common in whom? |
|
Definition
| People with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Centriacinar empysema is more common in whom? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical hallmarks of CAO? |
|
Definition
1) chronic cough
2) persistant, progressive exercise limitation due to breathlessness |
|
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Term
| What lung sounds are often heard with CAO? |
|
Definition
| wheezing, prolonged expiratory phase |
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Term
| What is the most common reason people seek help with CAO? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what level of FEV do symptoms usually occur? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What is the best test to use for diagnosis? and what is the best marker for assessing disease severity? |
|
Definition
1) test - FEV/FVC
2) Marker - FEV |
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Term
| How is MILD COPD characterized? |
|
Definition
1) FEV/FVC <70%
2) FEV > 80%
3) May or may not have chronic symptoms |
|
|
Term
| How is moderate COPD characterized? |
|
Definition
1) FEV/FVC <70%
2) FEV <80%
3) May or may not have chronic symptoms |
|
|
Term
| How is Severe COPD characterized? |
|
Definition
1) FEV/FVC <70%
2) FEV <30%
3) or FEV <50% with RF or cor pulmonale |
|
|
Term
| What 2 treatments are the only ones proven to alter natural history of the disease? |
|
Definition
1) stop smoking
2) long-term oxygen use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) brochodilators - ipratropium
2) beta agonist
3) corticosteroids
4) antibiotics - acute worsening
5) Diuretics/Vasodilators - edema
6) oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) brochodilators - ipratropium
2) beta agonist
3) corticosteroids
4) antibiotics - acute worsening
5) Diuretics/Vasodilators - edema
6) oxygen |
|
|
Term
| Pathogenesis of alpha1-antitrypsin deficeincy |
|
Definition
| inactivates elastase which degrageds interstitial elastin fibers |
|
|
Term
| How much of the lung space must be occupied by a bulla before symptoms are present in bullous lung disease |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the most common cause of brochiectasis in children? |
|
Definition
| pertusis - whooping cough |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common bacteria causing bronchiectasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two things make the diagnosis in the majority of bronchiectasis patients? |
|
Definition
| clinical presentation and CXR |
|
|
Term
| What are the main clinical manifestations of bronchiectasis? |
|
Definition
1) History of chronic productive cough of purulent sputum - worse in AM
2) clubbing of digits |
|
|
Term
| What is found on the chest x-ray for bronchiectasis? |
|
Definition
| cystic appearance with a collection of thin-walled cystic spaces |
|
|
Term
| What are the cardinal manifestations of cystic fibrosis? |
|
Definition
1) cough
2) chronic purulent sputum production
3) exertional dyspnea |
|
|
Term
| What other findings are common in cystic fibrosis? |
|
Definition
1) nasal polyposis
2) chronic sinusitis
3) pneumothorax |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 extrapulmonary manifestations of cystic fibrosis? |
|
Definition
1) Pancreatic insufficiency
2) hepatic cirrhosis
3) aspermia
4) intestional obstructions |
|
|
Term
| What is seen on a sweat test with cystic fibrosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 unique symptoms of primary ciliary dyskinesia? |
|
Definition
1) chronic sinusitis
2) secretory otitis media
3) daily productive cough dating from birth |
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