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| From Greek work marturios meaning witness |
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| One of the first Christian martyrs; Bishop at Smyrna, Asia Minor; near modern city of Istanbul. "...there is no need to bind me to the fire. My faith will hold me here." |
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| Roman; Battle of Milvian Bridge in AD 312-had visions so he told his men to put probably chi rho (xp) symbol on armor, and they won; he issued Edict of Toleration in AD 313, which made it legal for all religions to be practiced (brought Christianity from underground); thought Christianity could unite empire |
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| Roman; Follows Constantine; declares Christianity as offical religion of empire in AD 381 |
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| was one, but not the only religio licitas (legal religion) from AD 313-380; declared the ONLY religio licitas in AD 381 |
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| Meant "universal;" now means denomination that looks to the Pope in Rome for leadership |
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| only legal christianity; highlighted the trinity |
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| means correct, right, or true |
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| developed over time = the true faith of Christianity |
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| wrong/false teachings; antonym for orthodox |
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| Ecumenical Councils and Confessional Creeds |
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| Bishops get together and vote on which opinions represent the core faith, followed by a press-release from the Bishops saying what the core faith was |
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| Council of Nicea/Nicean Creed |
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| Debate concerning the full diety of Jesus (Is He fully God?);325 AD |
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| @ Council of Nicea; Jesus was the greatest HUMAN ever; just a man whose revelation of God to others was because he was such a great man; since He was just a man, however, we have no reason to worship him |
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| @ Council of Nicea; won debate; Jesus is fully GOD; he reveals to us the whole, full nature of God, which is why we worship Him |
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| Debate concerning the full deity AND full humanity of Christ; 451 AD; results in the Two-Natures Doctrine |
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| One person with two natures (not 1/2 and 1/2; not one more than the other; 100% Human and 100% Deity); est. at the Council of Chalcedon |
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| Bishop of Hippo; Wrote "Confessions"; developed the concept of original sin and the nature of God's grace. |
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| Augustine's Doctrine of Original Sin |
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| Humans are born not capable of not sinning; sin is transmitted genetically; infants are tainted because they have sinful parents |
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| Augustine's Doctrine of the Nature of God's Grace |
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| humanity has no power to resist any part of god's power; therefore, those who are saved are saved because God has determined it to be |
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| Something good that humans don't deserve, but God gives it to them anyway. |
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| British Monk (400 AD) who encountered Augustine's teachings in Rome; later, he wrote On the Defense of Free Will, where he directly countered Augustine's Doctrine of Original Sin. |
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| people who are ordained; educated readers, and writers; made their living by preaching |
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| Ordained leaders; includes the Pope and Bishops |
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| Those who are not ordained; regular peeps, non-readers/writers; depended on clergy to understand the Bible |
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| Any event/action that is a grace-filled moment/action; an external/physical event that points to an invisible TRANSFER of God's grace |
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| one of the seven sacraments; who=infants/converts; mode/meathod = sprinkling or pouring; common to Protestants as well |
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| one of the seven sacraments; occurs when the infant grows into a young adult; subject takes faith as their own; sealed fate |
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| one of the seven sacraments; expected of everyone except for priests |
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| one of the seven sacraments; the priest is "married to the church" because they are the ones ordained as clergy - assigned to serve the church |
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| "worldwide"; co-operative |
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| belief (as in "I believe that..."; |
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| First Council of Constantinople |
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| Invoked by Theodosius in AD 381; added to the Council of Nicea |
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