Term
| An individual's characteritics are detemined by what? |
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Definition
| factors that are passed from one parental generation to the next |
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Term
| During gamete formation, the ___ for each gene ___ from each other, so that each ___ carries only one___ for each ___. |
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Definition
| alleles, segregate, gamete, allele, gene |
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Term
| Punnet squares use ______ ______ to help predict the _____ and ______ combinations in ______ ______. |
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Definition
| mathemetical probability, genotype, phenotype, genetic crosses |
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Term
| the principle of independent assortment states that ___ for different traits can ______ ____ during the ____ of ____. |
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Definition
| genes,segregate independently, formation, gametes |
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Term
| What formed the basis of modern genetics? |
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Definition
| Mendel's Principles of heredity |
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Term
| Why do many genes are said to have multiple alleles? |
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Definition
| Genes exist in many different forms. |
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Term
| What are many traits produced by? |
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Definition
| interaction of several genes |
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Term
| Environmental conditions can affect gene ___, and influence ____ ____ _____ |
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Definition
| expression, genetically determined traits. |
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Term
| one of a number of different forms of a gene |
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Definition
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Term
| situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed. |
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Definition
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Term
| process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell |
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Definition
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Definition
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| sequence of DNA that codes for aprotein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring |
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Definition
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Term
| scientific study of heredity |
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Definition
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Term
| genetic makeup of an organism |
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Definition
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Term
| having two different alleles for a particular gene |
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Definition
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Term
| having 2 identical alleles for a particular gene |
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Definition
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Term
| offspring of crosses b/ parents w/ different traits |
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Definition
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Term
| situation in which one allel is not completly dominant over another allele |
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Definition
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Term
| one of Mendel's principle that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gemetes |
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Definition
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Term
| a gene that has more than 2 alleles |
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Definition
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Term
| physical organism of an organism |
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Definition
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Term
| traits controlled by 2 or more genes |
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Definition
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Term
| Mendel's 2nd conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive |
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Definition
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Term
| likelihood that a particular event will occur |
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Definition
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Term
| diagram that can be used to predict the genotupe and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross |
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Definition
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Term
| separation of alleles during gamete formation |
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Definition
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Term
| specific characteristic of an indivindual |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ ____ of most adult organisms contain two complete sets of ____ ___ and two completes sets of ____ |
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Definition
| diploid cells, inherited chromosomes, genes |
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Term
| what happens in prophase I of meiosis? |
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Definition
| each replicated chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome. |
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Term
| What happens during metaphase I of meiosis? |
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Definition
| paired homologous chromosomes line up across the center of the cell |
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Term
| what happens during anaphase I? |
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Definition
| spindle fibers pull each homologous chromosome pair toward opposite ends of the cell |
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Term
| What happens during telophase I of meiosis? |
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Definition
| a nuclear membrane forms around each cluster of chromosomes. |
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Term
| What follows telophase I? |
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Definition
| Cytokines, forming two new cells |
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Term
| what happens to the cells as they enter prophase II? |
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Definition
| their chromosomes-each consisting of 2 chromatids- become visible. |
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Term
| The final four phases of meisosis II are similar to those in _____ _. How is the result different? |
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Definition
| meiosis II: four haploid daughter cells are form |
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Term
| In mitosis, what happens when the two sets of genetic material separate? |
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Definition
| each daughter cell receives one complete set of chromosomes |
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Term
| In meiosis, what happens after the homologous chromosomes line up? |
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Definition
| then they move to separate daughter cells |
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Term
| Does meiosis change the chromosome number of the original cell. Explain why or why not. |
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Definition
| No. This is not the case for meiosis. it reduces the chromosome number by half |
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Term
| What does mitosis result in? |
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Definition
| production of 2 genetically identical diploid cells |
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Term
| What does meiosis produce? |
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Definition
| four genetically different haploid cells |
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Term
| When do Alleles of different genes tend to be inherited together from 1 generation to the next? |
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Definition
| when those genes are located on the same chromosomes |
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Term
| process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portoins of their chromatids during meiosis |
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Definition
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Term
| term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes |
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Definition
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Term
| term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of genes |
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Definition
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Term
| used to refer to chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and set comes from the female parent |
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Definition
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Term
| process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the seperation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
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Definition
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Term
| structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| in genetics what does P equal; F1? F2? |
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Definition
| parental, 1st feliali, 2nd feliali |
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Term
| is due for the characteristics being carried on the sex chromosomes |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did Gregor Mendel use garden peas? |
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Definition
| they had 7 distinct types and could make the next generation quickly |
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