Good shepard, orants, and story of Jonah

3-4 century

• interior of a catacombs
• orant pose - prayer pose with arms outstretched 
• relating to the resurrection
• common theme of christian art
• promoting a caring, nice God

The good shepherd

3rd century

• Christ holding the sheep

Church of Santa Sabina

c. 422-32

• moving towards a public space away from home
• religion is now legal.
• roman, law, civic centers
• not very good for congregation
• very visual interior.
• clerestory - row of windows near the ceiling.
• outside, boring. interior, exciting.

interior church of santa sabina

c. 422-32

• heavenly open space
• flat-wooden roof
• spolia - material taken from other work
• aisles are defined by arcades
• mosiacs - images made up of tesserae
• apsidial chapels - holds relics or specific altars

grape harvesting mosaic

c 350

• putti - baby cupids
• grapes used for wine
• can appeal to multiple types of religion
• in Rome

anthemius of tralles and isidorus of miletus, hagia sophia

532-537 CE

• empowers christian glory
• intended to replace a 4th century church
• Anthemius and isidorus are the architects
• created with brick since they lost the ability to create concrete.
• dome had to be rebuilt 5 times.
• squinch - arch that jumps the corner to hold the dome. changed to pendentives since cannot be decorated.
• aiconic
• membar
• hagia sophia - holy wisdom
• mirhab - place to hold the Qua'ran
• all about space and light.
• 40 windows installed.

emperor justinian and his attendants

San Vitale, 547

• flat work
• about spirituality and symbolism, not propaganda
• halo meaning divine
• only royalty wear purple because it is rich
• tyrrean purple - beautiful purple
• samtuary law - people can wear certain clothing depending on who they are
• reinforcing the power and connection to the church

emperor justinian and his attendants

547

• mosaic
• the light from the windows make the mosaics glow.
• they never visited these.

Virgin of Vladimir

11-12 century

• iconic portrait
• lots of power as a relic

Page from the Qur'an

9th century

• Islamic Art
• calligraphy
• Qur'ans are very large for multiple people to see and to be read aloud.
• 8x11
• diacritical marks: red dots help with prenouncation
• incipit page: large picture to help see the beginning.

bowl with kufic border

11-12 century

• kufic - type of calligraphy
• "knowledge"

prayer hall, Great mosque in Cordoba, Spain

785-786

• Spain was very islamic
• rounded horseshoe arches
• people lined up to pray

South cross in Ahenny, Ireland

8th century

• Skeuomorph - material looks like it was made from another material. using the same technique.
• apotropaic - to ward off evil. ex. gravesites, crosses, gargoyles, etc..

Chi Rho Iota page from the book of Kells

8-9 century

• early medieval art
• created in ireland
• Christ's initials
• first page of gospel book of Matthew

Palace chapel of Charlesmagne

Germany

792-805

• interested in re-establishing the roman empire. not successful.
• Charlesmagne declared himself emperor.
• Franks had a powerful military force.
• marble and bronze used from Rome (Spolia)
• voussaur and mosaics used.
• important relics contained.
• architecture based on the glory days of Rome.

Crucifixion with angels and mourning figures from the Lindau Gospels

870-80

• early medieval
• the front cover of the book
• repousse gold - hammering the back of the metal to create a negative image.
• meant to be seen and perform a function
• crucifixions begin to be seen more often

doors of Bishop Bernward

1015

• early medieval
• tutor for Otto 3
• very wealthy and commissioned to the arts
• 16.5 ft high.
• cast of solid bronze.
• organized in old and new testaments in a certain way.
• read from left to right, top to bottom, bottom to top
• each level is paired up.
• have deeper connotations

Transept, cathedral of james,

spain, santiago de compostela

1078-1122

• big plan to fit more people.
• top pilgrimmage churches
• brings the eyes upward
• compound piers - bundle of columns together.
• demi columns - engaged columns
• bay - each arch section
• design based on numerology of meaning
• sacred geometry/numerology
• very french architecture (slender, narrow, tall)

reliquary statue of sainte foy

conques, france

9-10 century

• repousse - hammered from the back of the metal
• spolia
• martyr
• 893, reliquary stolen
• furta sacra - theft of sacred objects

Nave, Durham cathedral

England

1087-1133

• chevron - repeated pattern on column
• beak's head - specific pattern
• imagery based on location
• 1066 - battle of hastings
• mott and baileys - system of large walls around a building to protect. Mott goes around the wall
• crenalations - defensive detail on architecture
• military outpost
• well positioned place by being bound my water
• iconastasis - religious screen where images are held
• rose window - round window
• groin and ribbed vaults
• transverse arches
• contrast in stone from the light and dark

Gislebertus last judgment, tymparium on west portal, cathedral abbey church of saint-lazare

burgandy, france

1120-30

• artist - Gislebertus
• on the top of the entry doorway
• scary image of God
• hieratic scale, registers
• mandorla - almond shaped halo
• lots of movement and drama

virgin and child

france

12th century

• throne of wisdom - christ is young and is on the virgin's lap
• stylized
• shallow sculpture. frontal only

bayeux tapestry, norman-anglo saxon embroidery from canterbury, kent, england, or bayeux

normandy, france

1066-82

• 8 colors used
• 250 ft. long and 20 inches tall
• 600 figures
• commissioned by bishop odo
• battle of hastings

the mouth of hell, winchester psalter

c. 1150

• illuminated page
• wanted to reform the church
• entire community is in the mouth. everyone should parish

Ambulatory and Apse Chapels of the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis

France

c. 1140-1144

• 1140
• Ambulatory is the only part left.
• Suger - Inventor of the gothic style
• Important for its relics
• strong connection to the throne
• France is the center for learning
• many french war items are kept here
• created more windows by using stone with glass.
• pointed arches - more stable and transfers more energy
• ribbed vaults - stronger to make the nave longer and wider
• triforium - narrow passage above the arcade
• 40-45 years to built
• stained glass - helps create a biblical narrative
• light as the symbol of spirituality

Annunciation and Visitation from Reims Cathedral

Reims, France

c. 1230-1250

• along the facade
• right figures, 1235
• left figures, 1250-55 (done by different sculptors)
• mary is pregnant with Jesus
• classical Roman structures
• Reim is an outpost for the roman empire
• contrapostal
• slender, soft features
• french aristocracy and learning
• biblical dress
• development of style

Reims Cathedral Nave

Reims, France

c. 1220

• important location, coronation church
• longest nave than any other cathedral
• balance with sculpture and stones
• registers of biblical prophets
• late/high gothic, center for kings
• 50-60 ft. long. 165 ft. tall.
• emphasis of the bays
• double rose windows
• steeply pitched vault

Sainte-Chapelle

Paris, France

c. 1239-48

• First court style
• Rayonnant - radiant lighting
• scale back in size
• emphasis on material by highlighting it
• quality over quantity
• 2 level chapel
• commissioned by Louis 9, mother had ties to lots of wealthy people
• crown of thorns was bought by Louis
• relics cost 10x more than the chapel
• stained glass is mostly blue for the Virgin Mary
• painted gold with gold nightsky
• exterior is not as exciting
• so much glass so were concerned about having the building stand.
• lower chapel is for Louis' family and upper class.
• marble inlay
• below and above ground
• guilded stone
• royal style, very desirable 

Nave of Salisbury Cathedral

Salisbury, England

c. 1220-1258

• different approach to the gothic style
• defensive architecture
• thick, monumental walls and long naves
• best and first stone builders
• 14th century, getting more decorative with tracery
• double transepts, square ends, large tower over the crossing, large westworks
• 400 ft. high
• seperate chapterhouse
• built in 38 years. rebuilt from a different location

Virgin and Child Enthroned

Cimabue

c. 1280

14th century art

Scrovegni Chapel

Giotto Di Bondone

Padua

1305-6

Virgin and Child in Majesty, Central Panel from Maesta Altarpiece

Duccio di Buoninsegna

1285

14th Century Art

The Effects of Good Government in the city and in the country, Sala dei Nove

Ambrogio Lorenzetti

Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, Italy

1338-39

14th century Art

Exeter Cathedral

England

14th century

Vesperbild

Germany

c. 1330