(selectively permeable/ decides what can go in and what cannot) 

fluid mosaic model

constantly changing

forms the basic fabric of the membrane

75% phospholipids

5% glycolipid •

20% cholesterol

each lollipop shaped phosphate molecule has a

charged polar head that is

phospholipid molecule has a nonpolar tail w/ no chage made up of __________

line up @ the center of the membrane

a raft that sits on top of a cell w/ lil proteins sittin on it. foundation for cellular things to be sitting on

go all the way across the bilipid membrane. stick all the way through the membrane 

(sugar covering)

part sugar part protein (tells self from nonself) (fits in receptor)

membrane junctions

Tight junction

Impermeable junctions that encircle the cell

 prevent molecules from passing through the intercellular space

membrane junctions

Desmosome

 strengthen hold between two cells

skin cells 

membrane junctions

Gap junction

a nexus that allows chemical substances to pass between cells

channel for communicating between cells

Communicating junctions allow ions and small molecules to pass from one cell to the next for intercellular communication

membrane transport (occurs only in living systems)

passive transport

the movement of solvent (water) across a selectively permeable membrane

solute pumps

moves solutes most importantly ions uphill against its concentration gradient

vescular transport process  that eject substances from the cells interior  into the extracellular fluid

use of ATP

ex: •Hormone secretion

transport into cell

moves substances from the cells exterior to the cell interior

cell eating

use ATP

cell engulfs some large or solid material

cell drinking

use ATP

the cell will stay the same

will try to reach dynamic equilibrium

Membrane Potential 

Separation of oppositely charged particles (ions) across a membrane

(voltage across the membrane)

membrane potential

electrochemical gradient

hold glycoproteins together 

 assist in movement of cells pass each other

assist in build up or break down of membrane junctions

embryonic and wound repair

huge diverse group of intergral proteins and glycoproteins that serve as binding sites.

receives contact and chemical sigmaling

act as a relay or middleman to activate or inactivate a membrane bound enzyme or ion channel

linked receptors inside helping to convey a message

signaling chemicals that bind specifically to plasma membrane receptors

never enters/primary messenger

one or 2 intracellular chemical signals that are generated and connect plasma membrane events to the internal metabolic machinery of the cell

diffusion of ions, mainly the diffusion of K+ from the cell throughh leakage channels establishes the

positive on the outside and negative on the inside

the inside is negative relative to its outside

inside -K+

outside +NA+

ligand gated channels are opened or closed in response to the binding of a chemical messenger such as a neurotransmitter

a voltage gated channel open and close depending on membrane potential

because anything w/ a charge needs a secondary

messenger system

anything w/out a charge can go straight in

mitochondria

peroxisomes

lysosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

golgi apparatus

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6H₂O + 6CO₂ + 30(net) ATP

What are the three steps of   cellular respiration?”

 all mitochondria comes from the egg (mother cell)

synthesize soluble proteins

float freely in the cytoplasm

imported into the mitchondria as well as some other organelles

Transport vessels from ER fuse with convex cis face of

acts as cells bones muscles and ligaments by supporting cellular structure and providing the machinery to provide various cell movements

Small tube formed by microtubules (nine sets of triplets

generates microtubles and organizes the mitotic spindle in cell division

Contain microtubules and motor molecules

protein complexes that function in motility

(movement of organelles and contraction)

 powered by ATP

control center of the cell 

process that occurs b4 cell division. it ensures all daughter cells have identical genes

“Which cells are associated with G0?”

what is a protease

ex: proteasomes

protein degredation

ubiquitin proteins

 used to marked damaged proteins to be degraded

abnormal cell structure; cancer cells different from parent cell

abnormalities in cell structure and loss of differentation

change in cell shape, size, or arrangement due  to  chronic irritation or inflammation

  Telomeres

must end w/ an OH to be a

NaOH, Mg(OH),

except: NH₃, HCO₃

C₂ OH and C₂H₃OH arent ____ causes start w/ carbon

grabs protons H⁺

if it stars w/ an H+

releases H⁺ to counter the OH^-

H₂CO₃ ----> H⁺ + HCO₃^-

 ^{starts w/ carbonic acid           ends w/ a base}                                   

potential and chemical energy

the only other kind of energy is positional energy

Chemicals (e.g., growth factors, hormones, cyclins, and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks

Growth-inhibiting factors produced by repressor genes

With the help of transcription factors, RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, pries apart the two DNA strands, and initiates mRNA synthesis at the start point on the template strand.

Elongation

As the RNA polymerase moves along the template
strand, elongating the mRNA transcript one base at a time, it unwinds the DNA double helix before it and rewinds the double helix behind it.

     Termination:

     mRNA synthesis ends when the termination signal
is reached. RNA polymerase and the completed mRNA transcript are released.