Term
| Which two groups of gram(-) bacteria are obligate intracellular parasites? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are Chlamydia and Rickettsia different from virus? |
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Definition
| Virus has either DNA or RNA. Bacteria have both DNA and RNA. |
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Term
| How is Chlamydia different from other gram(-) bacteria? |
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Definition
| Does not have a peptidoglycan layer, does not have muramic acid. |
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Term
| Which two forms does Chlamydia exist in? |
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Definition
* Elementary Body: metabolically inert, infectious.
* Initial Body (Reticulate Body): in the host cell, from binary fission of elementary body. requires host's ATP for RNA and protein synthesis |
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Term
| What is the leading cause of preventable blindness? What causes it? Treatment? |
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Definition
Trachoma (a chronic conjunctivitis).
Chlamydia trachomatis.
Oral azithromycin. |
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Term
| Which organs does Chlamydia trachomatis target? |
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Definition
| Eyes, lungs, and genitals. |
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Term
| What is inclusion conjunctivitis? |
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Definition
| Babies from Chlamydia trachomatis - infected mothers. Diagnose by IDing basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (collection of initial bodies). |
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Term
| Which urethritis-causing bacteria can penicillin treat? |
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Definition
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Chlamydia trachomatis doesn't have cell wall. Penicillin targets transpeptidase. |
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Term
| Three species that cause urethritis? |
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Definition
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Ureaplasma urealyticum |
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Term
| What is pain with sexual intercourse? |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis? |
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Definition
| ceftriaxone shot + 14 days of oral doxycycline |
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Term
| What syndrome? Inflammatory arthritis of large joints, in men 20 - 40 y.o. Linked to Chlamydia trachomatis. Coexist with uveitis, conjunctivitis, or urethritis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which syndrome? Infection of liver capsule, right upper quadrant pain. Associated with chlamydial/gonococcal infection. |
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Definition
| Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| atypical pneumonia caused by Chlamydophila psittaci, transmitted from birds. |
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Term
| How is Rickettsia different from Chlamydia? |
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Definition
* R requires an arthropod vector (tick, louse, flea)
* R replicates freely in the cytoplasm, C inside endosomes
* R: endothelial cells, C: columnar epithelium
* R causes rashes, high fevers, bad headaches; C causes eye inflammation, pneumonia, STD |
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Term
| Diagnostic methods of Rickettsial infection |
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Definition
* Weil-Felix test (share antigen characteristics with Proteus vulgaris)
* IFA (indirect immunofluorescence test)
* CF (complement fixation test)
* ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) |
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Term
| Treatment of Rickettsial infection? |
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Definition
| doxycycline and chloramphenicol |
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Term
| Which two Rickettsial species cause typhus? |
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Definition
epidemic typhus: Rickettsia prowazekii (lice)
endemic typhus: Rickettsisa typhi (flea)
Infection to one confers immunity to the other! |
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Term
| What is "Brill-Zinsser Disease"? |
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Definition
| When Rickettsia prowazekii is not eradicated, the latent bacteria cause symptoms. Dx: IgG titer (not IgM) |
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Term
| What causes trench fever (ricketssial infection-like symptoms) ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes "cat-scratch disease"? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which Rickettsia species has endospores? |
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Definition
| Coxiella burnetii. Not transmitted by arthropods. Causes pneumonia and Q fever; no rash. |
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