Suborder Megachiroptera

Suborder Microchiroptera

-- 2nd most diverse order(next to rodentia)

-- long lived for small mammals (30+)

Order Chiroptera

Suborder Megachiroptera

Family Pteropodidae

Subfamily Pteropodinae

Subfamily Macroglossinae

-- Old World Fruit Bats

-- no echolocation (except Rousettus tongue clicks)

-- primarily frugivores and nectivores

-- no tragus

-- two claws

-- usually tail and uropatagium absent

-- palate extends beyond last upper molar

Suborder Megachiroptera

Family Pteropodidae

Subfamily Pteropodinae

Fruit-eaters

Subfamily Pteropodinae

Eidolon helvum

Straw-colored Fruit Bat

Subfamily Pteropodinae

Hypsignathus monstrosus

Hammerhead Bat

-- ♂'s form leks

-- ♂ has enlarged rostrum for calls

Suborder Megachiroptera

Family Pteropdidae

Subfamily Macroplossinae

Nector and Pollen Eaters

Order Chiroptera

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family=

Rhinopomatidae•Emballonuridae•Craseonycteridae•

Nycteridae•Megadermatidae•Rhinolophidae•

Mormoopidae•Noctilianidae•Phyllostomatidae•

Mystacinidae•Natalidae•Furipteridae•Thyropteridae•

Myzopodidae•Molossidae•Vespertilianidae•Minioptera

-- 1 claw

-- tail and uropatagium usually present

-- All american bats are microchiropterans

-- all echolocate

-- tragus

-- palate doesn't extend beyond last upper molar

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Rhinopomatidae

Mouse-tailed Bats

-- Tail longer than forearm

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Emballonuridae

Sac-winged & Sheath-tailed Bats

-- ♂ have glandular sac on wings(pheromones)

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Emballonuridae

Diclidurus albus

Ghost Bat

-- tent-forming(chew line in leaf stem to fold it)

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Emballonuridae

Saccopteryx sp.

Sac-winged Bat

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Emballonuridae

Rhynchonycteris naso

Proboscis Bat

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Craseonycteridae

Kitti's Hog- Nosed Bat

-- monotypic

-- smallest bat species(bumblebee bat)

-- Endangered

-- no tail

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Nycteridae

Slit-faced Bats

-- Long groove through face

-- T-shaped tail

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Megadermatidae

False Vampire Bats

-- Large ears united across forehead

-- Tragus divided

-- Large nose leaf

-- lack upper incisors

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Rhinolophidae

Subfamily Rhinolophidinae

Subfamily Hipposiderinae

Horseshoe Bats

-- Horseshoe shaped nose-leaf(directs echolocation)

Family Rhinolophidae

Subfamily Rhinolophinae

-- Selia extends from nose leaf

-- No sac behind nose leaf

-- Forage alone

Family Rhinolophidae

Subfamily Hipposiderinae

-- No sella

-- ♂often have sac behind nose leaf(waxy secretion)

-- forages in small groups

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Mormoopidae

Ghost-faced & Naked-Backed Bats

-- lack nose leaf

Order Microchiroptera

Family Mormoopidae

Mormoops

Ghost-faced Bat

-- large forehead

Order Microchiroptera

Family Mormoopidae

Pteronotus

Naked-backed Bats

-- wings meet at back(looks naked)

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Noctilionidae

Fish-eating or Bulldog Bats

-- Long hind legs w/ rake-like feet for scooping up fish

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Phyllostomatidae

New World Leaf-Nosed Bats

-- Nose leaf present in most

-- > diversity of diets of any mammalian family

-- Ex.(frugivores, nectivores, sanguivores, tent-making)

- Wrinkle-faced Bat

Family Phyllostomatidae

Sanguivores

Vampire Bats

-- large thumb for popping up

-- very intelligent

-- capillary action tongue folding

-- specific prey(mammals or birds)

Common                     White-winged            Hairy-Legged

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Mystacinidae

Short-tailed Bats

-- 2 sp. of New Zealan

-- Most terrestrial bat

-- Wings held like sails when folded

-- Burrowing bat(only one to do so)

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Natalidae

Funnel-eared Bats

-- Large funnel-like ears

-- no nose leaf

-- Males have Natalid organ on muzzle(unkown function)

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Furipteridae

Smoky Bats

-- look like funnel-eared bats

-- "thumbless"(thumb claw enclosed in patagium)

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Thyropteridae

New World Sucker-Footed Bats

-- Suckers on base of thumbs and soles of feet(attached by short stalk)

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Myzopodidae

Old World Sucker-Footed Bats

-- convergent w/ Thyropteridae

-- NO STALK between suckers and thumbs/soles

-- Roosts upright

-- Mod'd sweat glands(fluid for suckers)

-- Extremely rare and threatened

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Molossidae

Free-tailed Bats

(Mastiff bats)

-- Wide distribution

-- large ears meet on forehead

-- tail extends beyond uropatagium

-- Ex.

- Mexican Free-tailed Bat (huge colonies, Bracken cave largest congregation of mammals, controled cave exits, feed on moths, leave young with nanny)

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertilionidae

Evening Bats

-- Largest family of bats(2nd > of mammals)

-- Worldwide distribution

-- Most of PA's bats

-- Ex.

Pallid                                        Rafinesque's Big-eared        Townsend's Big-eared

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Minioptera

Long-fingered or Bent-winged Bats

-- Old world

-- 3rd digit long and bent

-- large colonies

Suborder Micrchiroptera

Family Vespertillionidae

Eptesicus fuscus

Big Brown Bat

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertilionidae

Nycticeius humeralis

Evening Bat

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertilionidae

Perimyotis subflavus

Eastern Pipistrelle

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertillionidae

Lasionycteris notivagans

Silver-haired Bat

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertillionidae

Myotis lucifugus

Little Brown Bat

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertillionidae

Myotis sodalis

Indiana Bat

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertillionidae

Myotis liebii

Eastern Small-footed Bat

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertillionidae

Myotis septentrionalis

Northern Long-eared Bat

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertillionidae

Lasiurus borealis

Red Bat

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertillionidae

Lasiurus cinereus

Hoary Bat