Suborder Megachiroptera

Suborder Microchiroptera

-- 2nd most diverse order(next to rodentia)

-- long lived for small mammals (30+)

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Order Chiroptera

Suborder Megachiroptera

Family Pteropodidae

Subfamily Pteropodinae

Subfamily Macroglossinae

-- Old World Fruit Bats

-- no echolocation (except Rousettus tongue clicks)

-- primarily frugivores and nectivores

-- no tragus

-- two claws

-- usually tail and uropatagium absent

-- palate extends beyond last upper molar

Suborder Megachiroptera

Family Pteropodidae

Subfamily Pteropodinae

Fruit-eaters

Subfamily Pteropodinae

Eidolon helvum

Straw-colored Fruit Bat

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Subfamily Pteropodinae

Hypsignathus monstrosus

Hammerhead Bat

-- ♂'s form leks

-- ♂ has enlarged rostrum for calls

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Suborder Megachiroptera

Family Pteropdidae

Subfamily Macroplossinae

Nector and Pollen Eaters

Order Chiroptera

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family=

Rhinopomatidae•Emballonuridae•Craseonycteridae•

Nycteridae•Megadermatidae•Rhinolophidae•

Mormoopidae•Noctilianidae•Phyllostomatidae•

Mystacinidae•Natalidae•Furipteridae•Thyropteridae•

Myzopodidae•Molossidae•Vespertilianidae•Minioptera

-- 1 claw

-- tail and uropatagium usually present

-- All american bats are microchiropterans

-- all echolocate

-- tragus

-- palate doesn't extend beyond last upper molar

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Rhinopomatidae

Mouse-tailed Bats

-- Tail longer than forearm

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Emballonuridae

Sac-winged & Sheath-tailed Bats

-- ♂ have glandular sac on wings(pheromones)

Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Emballonuridae

Diclidurus albus

Ghost Bat

-- tent-forming(chew line in leaf stem to fold it)

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Emballonuridae

Saccopteryx sp.

Sac-winged Bat

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Emballonuridae

Rhynchonycteris naso

Proboscis Bat

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Craseonycteridae

Kitti's Hog- Nosed Bat

-- monotypic

-- smallest bat species(bumblebee bat)

-- Endangered

-- no tail

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Nycteridae

Slit-faced Bats

-- Long groove through face

-- T-shaped tail

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Megadermatidae

False Vampire Bats

-- Large ears united across forehead

-- Tragus divided

-- Large nose leaf

-- lack upper incisors

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Rhinolophidae

Subfamily Rhinolophidinae

Subfamily Hipposiderinae

Horseshoe Bats

-- Horseshoe shaped nose-leaf(directs echolocation)

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Family Rhinolophidae

Subfamily Rhinolophinae

-- Selia extends from nose leaf

-- No sac behind nose leaf

-- Forage alone

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Family Rhinolophidae

Subfamily Hipposiderinae

-- No sella

-- ♂often have sac behind nose leaf(waxy secretion)

-- forages in small groups

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Mormoopidae

Ghost-faced & Naked-Backed Bats

-- lack nose leaf

Order Microchiroptera

Family Mormoopidae

Mormoops

Ghost-faced Bat

-- large forehead

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Order Microchiroptera

Family Mormoopidae

Pteronotus

Naked-backed Bats

-- wings meet at back(looks naked)

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Noctilionidae

Fish-eating or Bulldog Bats

-- Long hind legs w/ rake-like feet for scooping up fish

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Phyllostomatidae

New World Leaf-Nosed Bats

-- Nose leaf present in most

-- > diversity of diets of any mammalian family

-- Ex.(frugivores, nectivores, sanguivores, tent-making)

- Wrinkle-faced Bat

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Family Phyllostomatidae

Sanguivores

Vampire Bats

-- large thumb for popping up

-- very intelligent

-- capillary action tongue folding

-- specific prey(mammals or birds)

Common                     White-winged            Hairy-Legged

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Mystacinidae

Short-tailed Bats

-- 2 sp. of New Zealan

-- Most terrestrial bat

-- Wings held like sails when folded

-- Burrowing bat(only one to do so)

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Natalidae

Funnel-eared Bats

-- Large funnel-like ears

-- no nose leaf

-- Males have Natalid organ on muzzle(unkown function)

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Furipteridae

Smoky Bats

-- look like funnel-eared bats

-- "thumbless"(thumb claw enclosed in patagium)

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Thyropteridae

New World Sucker-Footed Bats

-- Suckers on base of thumbs and soles of feet(attached by short stalk)

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Myzopodidae

Old World Sucker-Footed Bats

-- convergent w/ Thyropteridae

-- NO STALK between suckers and thumbs/soles

-- Roosts upright

-- Mod'd sweat glands(fluid for suckers)

-- Extremely rare and threatened

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Molossidae

Free-tailed Bats

(Mastiff bats)

-- Wide distribution

-- large ears meet on forehead

-- tail extends beyond uropatagium

-- Ex.

- Mexican Free-tailed Bat (huge colonies, Bracken cave largest congregation of mammals, controled cave exits, feed on moths, leave young with nanny)

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertilionidae

Evening Bats

-- Largest family of bats(2nd > of mammals)

-- Worldwide distribution

-- Most of PA's bats

-- Ex.

Pallid                                        Rafinesque's Big-eared        Townsend's Big-eared

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Minioptera

Long-fingered or Bent-winged Bats

-- Old world

-- 3rd digit long and bent

-- large colonies

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Suborder Micrchiroptera

Family Vespertillionidae

Eptesicus fuscus

Big Brown Bat

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertilionidae

Nycticeius humeralis

Evening Bat

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertilionidae

Perimyotis subflavus

Eastern Pipistrelle

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertillionidae

Lasionycteris notivagans

Silver-haired Bat

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertillionidae

Myotis lucifugus

Little Brown Bat

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertillionidae

Myotis sodalis

Indiana Bat

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertillionidae

Myotis liebii

Eastern Small-footed Bat

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertillionidae

Myotis septentrionalis

Northern Long-eared Bat

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertillionidae

Lasiurus borealis

Red Bat

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Suborder Microchiroptera

Family Vespertillionidae

Lasiurus cinereus

Hoary Bat

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