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| seasonal winds in the Indian Ocean caused by the differences in temperature between the rapidly heating and cooling waters bringing predictable winds and large amounts of rainfall |
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| large river in China which floods and produces fertile soil |
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| first dynasty of China, but usually not thought of as being the first since there are no written records of it |
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| the dominant people in the earliest Chinese dynasty. divination by oracle bones and bronze vessels for ritual purposes were major elements of culture |
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| the people and dynasty that took over the Shang and created the concept of the Mandate of Heaven. time of prosperity and benevolent rule |
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| a system where Chinese rulers distributed territories to his relatives and allies, which they were to administer and profit from so long as they remained loyal to him. These relatives and allies would then distribute their land to their relatives and allies |
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| chinese school of thought offering the idea that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. they accept the world as it is and do as little as possible in order to stay on the path of nature (Dao) |
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| the originator of Daoism although not much is known about him |
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| the belief system that humans can learn from teaching and learning |
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| spreader of Confucian ideas. believed in the essential goodness of all human beings and believed that if people were shown the right way by leaders, they would voluntarily do the right thing |
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| the important virtue and primary duty of respect, obedience, and care for one's parents and elderly family members |
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| the principles and practices of a school of political theorists advocating strict legal control over all activities, a system of rewards and punishments uniform for all classes, and an absolute monarchy |
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| pieces of shell or bone used for divination(the practice of seeking knowledge of the future or the unknown by supernatural means |
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| fundamental part of chinese society. men were heads of family |
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| chinese religious and political ideaology that gave the chief deity the authority to grant power to the ruler of China and take away that power if the ruler failed to conduct himself |
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| political fragmentation. civil wars. constant warfare |
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| a people and state in the Wei Valley of eastern China that conquered rival states and created the first Chinese empire. ruler was Shi Huangdi |
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| founder of Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire. tomb contains army of terracotta soldiers |
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| a term used to designate 1. the ethnic Chinese people of the Yellow River valley and spread throughout China for agriculture 2. the dynasty of emperors who ruled for a time period |
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| a trading network starting in China and going through other parts of Asia, Europe, and Africa |
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| one of the rebel leaders who brought down the Qin and founded the Han dynasty |
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| emperor of the Han dynasty starting the Mandate of Heaven |
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| device for securing a horseman's feet enabling hm to wield weapons more affectively |
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| the class of prosperous families from which the emperors drew their administrative personnel |
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| government system where a king/queen rules over the country |
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| government where the supreme power rests in the body of the citizens; representatives are chosen directly & indirectly by citizens; 2 consuls are elected per year (from the Senate who serve for life) & lead the Republic; “all show”; the latifundias are the cause of the fall of the Republic |
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| the most important trade port/city in Africa besides Alexandria |
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| a hereditary, pre-democratic position where they decide on matters & serve for life; every year 2 are elected to become consuls |
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| the rulers of the Republic that are elected from the Senate & have one year to prove themselves (so they expand) |
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| the wealthy upper class; most are in the Senate |
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| everyone else; want a say in government so they create Conflict of the Orders (allowing a position for the plebians called the Tribune – elected by plebians to represent interests & can veto anything if it has the capability to hurt the plebs. The tribune later became corrupted by the Senate) |
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| a great estate that the rich own |
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| a period in Roman history founded by Caesar Augustus; massive expansion, more resources, bugger & extremely successful society |
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| strong emperor of Rome who founded the Principate |
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| Etruscans – Monarchy – Republic – Principate – Third Century Crisis – Constantine – Justinian |
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| Augustus’ uncle, killed before the beginning of the Principate |
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| the rich merchants that were not quite upper-class but not plebians |
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| period of Roman peace in Rome |
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| the rapid, willing spreading of Roman culture & language throughout the Roman empire |
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| large structures that carried water from its source to urban centers |
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| economic, political & military fail of the Roman empire; Economic = $$ goes to rich & causes inflation; Political = many different rulers vie for power, the empire is so big, communication is difficult because of distance & foreign rulers begin to disagree with e/o; Military = many civil wars, outside people hear of the civil wars & take advantage of it |
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| unified a divided Rome; allowed for free worship (Edict of Milan); strong political strategy to unite Christians because of the rapid spreading of the religion; moved capital to Constantinople due to its close proximity to China & Silk Road (loyalties disappeared when this happened) |
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| capital city of Constantine Rome |
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| commoner who rose through the ranks of the Military & became ruler; pulled Rome out of Third Century Crisis by making maximum prices on goods to stop inflation; decided to leave the throne when the people got sick of him |
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| the empire that emerges in the East after the end of the Roman empire |
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| created the Corpus Juris (codified laws) |
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