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| a trade route that served as network between China, Central Asia, Rome, and the Middle East |
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| two interacting complementary elements that made up the world (yin-the attribute of all things female,dark, weak, and passive: yang- the attribute of all things male, bright, strong, and active) |
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| a ruler of leader appointed by the gods |
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| a ruling body organized by ranks; each one is subordinate to the one above it |
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| an organization of people who follow rules according to their position; the offices which make decisions |
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| a ethical/philosophical system (NOT A RELIGION); focuses on morals and right actions; the family his a microcosm, the father a supreme autocrat,and education was important |
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| a collection of Confucian sayings collected by his students |
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the process of becoming human
5 things of man of humanity practices...
-liberality
-truthfulness
-earnestness
-generosity
-diligence |
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| love,loyalty, and respect to one's parents,family, and ancestors |
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| well educated man who studied rigoursly in poetry, the arts, and writing to prepare for exams... as a result of doing well they would recive goverment positions |
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-Classic of Changes
-Classic of Poetry
-Classic of Rites
-Classic of History
-Classic of
-Classic of Rites
-Spring and Autumn Annals
the five classic were used for educating students |
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| imperial exams that determined who would earn a position in the government |
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| the practice of worshiping ancestors (a belief that deceased relatives still have a spirtiual exsitence); maintains filial piety |
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| practicing the belief of tao/dao (the a way or path);enables people to realize that human life is only a small part of larger process of nature, the only human actions which ulitmatley make sense are those which are in accord with the flow of Nature; in Taoism there is no strong creed |
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the Taoist doctrine of how human beings should behave
- related to the doctrine of non-action(the idea of no desires, which meant no one should have excessive desires because such desires are bound to cause injury to both oneself and others) |
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| a belief that if one does his dharma(duty) and has good karma he can reach nirvana(an indescriable state of all- knowing lucid awareness in which there is only joy and peace),but in order to do this one must follow the four noble truths and the eight-fold path |
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1st- life is suffering(dukkha); pleasures do not represent happiness since we suffer from wanting them...
2nd- suffering is caused by craving for sense of pleasures and for to be as they are not... we refuse to accept life as it is
3rd- suffering has an end
4th- the eight-fold path offers a means to that end |
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represented by an eight-spoked wheel (the wheel of Dhamma)includes...
- Right views (The Four Noble Truths)
- Right Intention
- Right Speech
- Right Action
- Right Livelihood/Occupation
- Right Endeavor
- Right Mindfulness (total concetration in activity)
- Right Concentration (meditation) |
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| "enlightened ones" who have achieved nirvana and stay behind to help others achieve it |
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| a short lived dynasty (589-618) established by Sui Wendi but fell shortly after being under a central government due to rebellion, natural deisasters, and bankruptcy |
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an open, cosmopolitan, expansionist, exuberant, and creative dynasty
Tai-Zong established it ((618-907)
Rebillion caused the dynasty to decline dduring the 9th century while under the rule of Xuan Zong |
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| the capital of the Tang dynasty; an imperial & administrative city that lived on taxes |
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| the first emperor of the Tang dynasty; he was an provinical governer; he wanted a stable bureaucratic government in which authority was centralized in his own person |
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-military affairs: supervised the Tang armies
-the censorate:reported instances of misgovernment directly to the emperor & remonstrated with the emperor about his behavior
-the council of state- the most import body; was made of the heads of secretariat (drafted policies), the chancellery (reviewed them), and state affairs (carried them out)
- six ministries: continued as the core of central government
-district magistrates- were the lowest level of the official hierarchy; main task was to cllect taxes and maintain law & order in local areas |
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| aka Wu Zhao (626-c.706); a young concubine of the strong second emperor who worked her way ot the top by murdering and manipulatiing; she ruled China until 705 and moved the court to Luoyang and proclaimed a new dynasty |
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| a buddhist monk who connected China and India in the Tang dynasty |
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| a well known Chinese poet; puts Taoist imagery in his poetry |
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| came to the throne after empress Wu; he was a calligrapher, a poet, a musician, a patron of the arts, and a Taoist; reigned from 713-756 |
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(960- 1279) a less aristocratic, less cosmopolitan, and more closely associated with the officals and the schol-gentry (who were both its practitioners and its patrons;and less Buddhist)
Reunified China in 960, established its capital at Kaieng on the Yellow River; ruled for 170 years (Northern Song); In 1127 it lost the north but still ruled the south for another 150 years from a new capital at Hangzhou in east-central China (Southern Song); the Southern song fell before the mongol onslaught in 1279; government went form aristocracy to autocracy |
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| primiarly developed in the Song dynasty; a philosphoy that attempeted to merge Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism thought |
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| (1130- 1200)a famous thinker who had Neo-Confucian ideas; made religion or metaphysics serve philosphy; talked about the great ulitmate; innerworldy philosphy |
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| the founders of the Yuan dynasty, they took over China and a much larger surround empire, and ruled using fear. |
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| a mongol dynasty in China; (1271-1368) established by Kublai Khan |
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| united all the mongol tribes, founded the mongol empire, and ruled largely using vasslas who commanded his armies and staffed his government |
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| aka Zhongguo, the Chinese word for China |
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| Ghenhis's grandson, he was appointed as the great khan and moved the capital to Beijing; he later conqured the southern Song |
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| an Italian merchant who gave an outside view of what was going on during the Yuan dynasty in China |
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| the capital of the Yuan dynasty under Kublai Khan |
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| the emperor's privat city in Beijing |
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| (1368-1644) one of China's last dynasties, it was the beginning of "late imperial China" it was ruled and controlled by ethnic Hans |
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| self rule; usually used to describe an excessivley strong single ruler |
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| a system whre tributein the form of goods and money would be sent to a ruling country in exhange for peace; tribute was collected during the Ming dynasty |
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| a Ming navel admiral who explored distant countries |
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| island nation (such as Japan); island nations were generally more isolated from the world, were less culturally diffused |
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the culture in Japan that was based on the closeness of the community, and that everyone had to rely on each other
Some important aspects were
1.sharing resources
2.wa (harmony)
3.amae (sweet dependence)
4.hard work
5.group decisions |
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| the highes tranking government official, who ultimately had control over all of the daimyos and military forces |
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| a military ruler of Japan |
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| nobles in Japan; they were fairly high up in the hierarchy, just below the imperial family |
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| a government established by Minamoto Yoritomo; there were three main offices, one to deal with military issues, one to deal with policies, and one to deal with legal issues; this was the government of the shogun |
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| the warrior class; served the Daimyo and the Imperial class |
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| the way of the Samuria; it was the soical code that samurais were expected to adhere by |
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| a Japanese religion based around pleasing the Kami; Nature is an important theme in the religion |
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| one of the earliest Shinto books, it contained many myths and was believed to have come from Amaterasu |
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| a spirit/god in Shintoism |
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| the sun god; the main god in Shintoism |
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| Amaterasu's michievious brother |
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| he increased China's influence in Japan; he wrote a constituiton that was based on Confucianism, Buddhism, and rice culture ideas |
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| a diary written by a woman during the Heian peroid; it was a story of troubled marriage, and it shows how little power woman have, and tha men could only have one wife |
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| was a Japanese novelist, poet, and a maid of honor of the imperial court during the Heian period. She is best known as the author of The Tale of Genji, written in Japanese between about 1000 and 1008, one of the earliest novels in human history. |
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| the Japanese house we visited... |
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| a young man (16 or 17) that was executed during a war in a story that exhibits aware |
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| the sadness of knowing something beautiful won't last |
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| finished unifying all of Japna after the warring states era |
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| the founder of the Tokugawa era, he helped to unify the country |
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| the main isolator of Japan, he forced everyone to conver back from Chrisitnaity and greatly restricted trade with outsided nations |
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| spanish Catholic missionaries who converted Chinese people into Christians |
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| the isolation of a nation from the rest of the world; Japan was largely isolated because it's an iland nation, and also at the will of some leaders |
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| an american naval officer who visited Japan in hopes of creating a trade connection with them; his diary shows a lot about Japanese culture at the time |
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| a Japanese "ambassador" who came to the U.S. to finalize a trade agreement between the countries; his account of the events shows the way that the Japanese viewed American culture |
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| a famous Buddhist monk who came up with Zen Buddhist idea of Satori |
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| Japanese idea the enlightenment can come in an istance |
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| the Zen Buddhist "riddling" questions to meditate upon; such as the sound of one hand clapping |
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| tradtional Japanese poetry usually about nature |
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| a famous Japaneses poet who gave up his samaurai status to become a wandering poet |
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| the way of tea; the cermony was developed by Sen Rikyu |
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| 16th century Japanese "master" of tea |
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| the social and government structure in Japan where the Impeiral family is at the top, followed by the daimyo, samurai, rice farmer, artisan, and finally merchant class |
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| a very civilized court influencedd by China, 790-1180; where the classic and tradtional culture were strongest; groups started fighting, samurai ganins power,then Heain government collapses; led to the Kamakura period |
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