Term
| Regarding follow up and management of pulmonary nodules detected incidentally on non-screening CT, what's the most important cutoff to remember, according to the Fleishner Society criteria? |
|
Definition
>8mm
About 20% are malignant
Follow-up CT at 3, 9, and 24 months, dynamic contrast-enhanced CT evaluation, PET, and/or biopsy. |
|
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Term
| You are evaluating a 1cm pulmonary nodule using dynamic contrast-enhanced CT technique. What are you looking for? |
|
Definition
Enhancement > 15 HU is sensitive, but not specific for malignancy.
<= 15 HU is always benign. |
|
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Term
| What are false positives and false negatives when using PET or PET-CT to evaluate a solitary pulmonary nodule? |
|
Definition
False positives: Inflammatory processes, eg sarcoid.
False negatives: carcinoid tumor, bronchoioloalveolar carcinoma |
|
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Term
| Multiple pulmonary micronodules in a child, what do you think of? |
|
Definition
LIP (AIDS)
Viral infection
Maybe hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
|
|
Term
| Cavitary lesions on CXR, what are some causes? |
|
Definition
- TB
- Fungal infection
- Cavitary pneumonia
- Metastasis, eg H&N, cervical, squamous
- Papillomatosis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Wegener's granulomatosis
- Septic emboli
|
|
|
Term
| What are the causes of pulmonary artery hypertension? |
|
Definition
Precapillary
-
primary PAH
-
thromboembolism
-
L to R shunt
-
Eisenmenger
Parenchymal
Postcapillary
|
|
|
Term
| What are the most common causes of mitral valve stenosis? |
|
Definition
rheumatic heart disease
congenital
endocarditis
carcinoid |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common causes of aortic valve stenosis? |
|
Definition
Acquired, such as
Rheumatic disease
Senile/degenerative
Congenital, such as
subvalvular
bicuspid/unicuspid valvular
supravalvular (rare) |
|
|
Term
| What are some common causes of pericardial calcification? |
|
Definition
TB or other infection
uremia
granulomatous disease
radiation
trauma
|
|
|
Term
| If you are thinking about congenital heart disease and you see opacity/edema in the RUL, think about: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CHF in a newborn, DDx = ? |
|
Definition
Extracardiac shunt: hemangioendothelioma, VOG
Systemic: maternal diabetes, thyroid, anemia, sepsis
Left sided obstruction: critical coarct, AS, LV dysfunction, MV stenosis, cor triatriatum, HLH, pulmonary venous atresia/stenosis
Volume overload: MR, TR, ASD, L-TGA |
|
|
Term
| What are some associations with aortic coarctation? |
|
Definition
Bicuspid Ao valve
Turner syndrome
berry aneurysms
NF 1
Williams syndrome
Sturge-Weber |
|
|
Term
| On cxr, what could look like Ebstein's with a very large heart but increased pulmonary vasculature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On cxr, how does AV canal look compared to dilated cardiomyopathy? |
|
Definition
In AV canal, the Rt is bigger.
In dilated CM, the Lt is bigger. |
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