Term
| Morphological subtypes of Bronchiactasis |
|
Definition
Cylindrical, Varicose and cystic
|
|
|
Term
| Mucus Plugging is associated with these conditions |
|
Definition
Bronchiactasis
CF
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspegillosis (areas of calcification)
Swayer James (Mosaic pattern of lungs)
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|
|
Term
| does the lack of pleural thickening rule out the empyema? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is split pleura sign? |
|
Definition
| when the viceral adn parietal pleura are seperated by empyema. |
|
|
Term
| what is the entety they use for an empyema that extends into the thoracic wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the most important causes of the empyema necessitatis? |
|
Definition
| 2/3 are caused by TB and the rest are caused by actimyces and nocardia |
|
|
Term
what are the signs of malignant pleural involvement?
|
|
Definition
1. nodular pleural thickening
2. thickening more than 1 cm
3. thickening that concentrically involves the pleura and encase the lungs
4. thickening of the mediatinal pleura. |
|
|
Term
| what are he most common cause of the pleural metastasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the most common causeS of the pleural densidty/calcifications? |
|
Definition
Chronic empyema especially TB
Resolved hemothorax
asbestosis
fibrose tumors of the pleura
Talc pleurodesis (using talc to fuse the pleura) |
|
|
Term
| what is the upper limit of normal in short axis diameter of the axillary lymph nodes? |
|
Definition
1.5 cm
if a lymph node is measuring more than 2 cm in short axis diamete it is abnormal regardless of patients history of malignancy or not. |
|
|
Term
| what passes through the aortic diaphragm hiatus? |
|
Definition
Aorta
azygus veins
thoracic duct
intercostal arteries
splanchnic nerves |
|
|
Term
| what passes through the esophageal hiatus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common type of diaphragmatic hernia in infants? |
|
Definition
buckdalek
most of the time is on the left paravertebral region |
|
|
Term
| Morgagni hernia - more on right or left? |
|
Definition
| right and can contain vicera as apposed to buckdalek hernia that contains retroperitoneal fat and or less commonly kidney |
|
|
Term
what are the primary interstitial lung diseases?
These are the ones that are not causes by drugs or connective tissue diseases
|
|
Definition
IPF
sarcoid
BOOP
LAM
langerhans
|
|
|
Term
| diffuse interstitial lung disease most common causes? |
|
Definition
sarcoid
langerhance
IPF
lymphagitic tumor
edema
collagen vascular disease
silicosis
farmers lung
drugs |
|
|
Term
| what are the hallmarks clinical signs of ILD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
inflammation> inf+fibrosis> fibrosis
DIP > NSIP > UIP
Ground galss infiltrate>reticulation>honey combing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what are the synonyms of UIP?
is this the most common? |
|
Definition
idiopatic pulmonary fibrosis
cryptohenic fibrosing alveolitis
yes it is 35-50% |
|
|
Term
| what are the clinical conditions associated with UIP? |
|
Definition
if there is no cause --> it is called IPF
it can be associated:
collagen vascular connective tissue diease
drug toxicity
asbestosis
hermanssky pudlak syndrome
sarcoidosis |
|
|
Term
| what is hermansky pudlak syndrome |
|
Definition
| UIP + albinism -> more common in portoricco |
|
|
Term
| what is most common cause of honey combing? |
|
Definition
UIP
this is end stage lung
|
|
|
Term
| imaging characteristics of UIP? |
|
Definition
basal prominance
peripheral
honey combing
|
|
|
Term
| what is the components of NSIP |
|
Definition
inflammation and fibrosis
as opsed to UIP whihc is mostly fibrosis
|
|
|
Term
| which one has a better prognosis: UIP or NSIP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which one respond to steroids? NSIP or UIP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which type of NSIP is more common? |
|
Definition
Type 1 50% more inflammation that fibrosis
|
|
|
Term
| What the most common causes of the NSIP? |
|
Definition
drug reactions and
collagen vascular diseases |
|
|
Term
| what is most useful CT findings to differentiate the NSIP nad UIP? |
|
Definition
| NSIP has ground glass opacities but the UIP is mostly fibrosis. |
|
|
Term
| what are the groups of NSIP? |
|
Definition
group 1: most inflammation
Group 2 inf + fib
group3 mostly fibrosis
|
|
|
Term
lymphadnopathy is associated with NSIP or UIP
? |
|
Definition
it is more associated with UIP
UIP is the umbrella term and if it is idiopathic then it is called the IPF |
|
|
Term
| Smoking related interstitial lung disease? |
|
Definition
DIP
Respiratory broncholitis
LAM
|
|
|
Term
| when do you see the halo sign in chest CT? |
|
Definition
pulmonary infarct due to asperogilosis which eventually progress to the crescent sign
and
wegner |
|
|
Term
| what are the most common metstatic causes of the miliary pattern of the chest? |
|
Definition
thyroid
melanoma
choriocarcinoma
RCC
breast. |
|
|
Term
| what are the types of emphysema? |
|
Definition
paraseptal
panlobular
centrilobular
paracicatricial |
|
|
Term
alfa 1 antitripsin is associated with which type of emphysema?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| smoking is associated with which type of emphysema? |
|
Definition
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