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Chemistry (CH.4)
Ch 4 vocab
30
Biology
9th Grade
09/30/2009

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Term
Matter
Definition
Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Term
Element
Definition
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances.
Term
Compound
Definition
Substance containing two or more elements chemically combined.
Term
Atom
Definition
Smallest possible particle of an elment that still has the same properties.
Term
Proton
Definition
Positively charged particle within an atom.
Term
Electron
Definition
Negatively charged particle within an atom.
Term
Valence Electrons
Definition
These are present in the outer level of the electron cloud and are used in forming bonds.
Term
Electron Cloud
Definition
The location of the electrons.  This is found around the nucleus of the atom.
Term
Neutron
Definition
Found in the nucleus of the atom, this particle has no charge.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
This is the location of the protons and neutrons.
Term
Radioactive Isotopes
Definition
Atoms that have a different number of neutrons.  These unstable atoms release radiation when they break apart.  These are often used in medicines.
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
This is formed when electrons are transferred between elements.
Term
Ion
Definition
A charged Particle
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
This is formed when two or more elements share electrons.
Term
Molecule
Definition
One set of bonded atoms.
Term
Reactants
Definition
The compounds used to start a reaction.
Term
Products
Definition
The compounds formed by a reaction.
Term
Chemical Reaction
Definition
The process in which compounds rearrange their elements to form new compounds.
Term
Polar Molecule
Definition
A set of atoms that do not share their electrons equally, causing a slight charge.
Term
Hydrogen Bond
Definition
A bond formed between two molecules.
Term
Cohesion
Definition
The process of what sticking to itself.
Term
Adhesion
Definition
The process of water sticking to another substance.
Term
Solution
Definition
A mixture in which a solid dissolves in a liquid.
Term
Solute
Definition
The solid that will dissolve in a liquid.
Term
Solvent
Definition
The liquid used to dissolve a solid.
Term
Aqueous Solution
Definition
A mixture made from a solid being dissolved in water.
Term
Acid
Definition
A substance that has a pH below 7.
Term
Base
Definition
A substance that has a pH above 7.
Term
pH scale
Definition
This measures the amount of Hydrogen present in a solution.  This is used to measure how acidic or basic something may be.
Term
Buffers
Definition
A substance that limits the change in the acidity of a compound when more acid or base is added.
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