Term
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Definition
| substances consisting of atoms with the same number of protons |
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Term
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Definition
| number of protons in an element |
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Term
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Definition
| total number of protons and neutrons cfontained within the necleus |
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Term
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Definition
| all atoms of the same element have to have the same number of protons but N can vary |
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Term
| Information reguarding charges |
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Definition
- if the compound has a charge it is part of an ionic compound
- if NO charge then a covalent compound |
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Term
| What are the first 5 common radicals |
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Definition
- (NH4)4+ - ammonium
- (OH)1- - Hydroxide
- (SO4)2- - Sulfate
- (CO3)2- - Carbonate
- (NO3)1- - Nitrate |
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Term
| What are the second 6 common radicals? |
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Definition
(PO4)3- Phosphate
(Cr2O7)2- Dichromate
(Cr)4)2- Chromate
(HSO4)1- Bisulphate/hydrogen sulfate
(HCO3)1- Bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate
(HPO4)2- Biphosphate |
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Term
| What does (Bi) mean when being added to ionic compounds? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does (ite) mean? ( ionic componds) |
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Definition
all are compounds that have oxygen. These compounds have one less oxygen then 'ate"
(SO3)2- SulfITE
(CO2)2- CarbonITE
these are all negitivly charged |
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Term
| Name the first 10 prefixes for COVALENT COMPOUNDS |
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Definition
Covalent Compounds(nonmental + nonmetal)
1- mon, 2- di, 3-tri, 4-tetra, 5- penta, 6- hex, 7- sept/hept, 8- oct, 9- mon, 10- dec |
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Term
| What is the difference between di and bi? ( covalent compounds) |
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Definition
di- means two and is a prefix for covalent compounds
bi- means adding a hydrogen to covalent compounds biphosphate (HPO4)2- |
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Term
Orbitals
( general information) |
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Definition
(regions of probability)
- regions is space were we find elections
- infinate # of electrons
- were e- are 90% of the time
- when found close to the atom- GROUND state
- Imition spectrum ( lowest energy state) |
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Term
| Electron Configuration Table (orbitals) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the energy levels of Hydrogen? |
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Definition
6s 6p 6d 6f
5s 5p 5d 5f
4s 4p 4d 4f
3s 3p 3d 3f
2s 2p 2d 2f
1s |
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Term
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Definition
| electrons is the outermost incomplete quantum level |
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Term
- structural formula
- lewis structure
- orbital structure
of H2? |
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Definition
H-H ( SF)
Hx.H ( LS)
HØ(1s)
HØ(1s)
( remember Orbital Structure must be boxed with no round corners!) |
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Term
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Definition
| energy required to remove the most loosly bonded e- to infinity |
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Term
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Definition
EF = (necleus charge)+(electron charge)
d2 (radius)
(atoms attract additonal elements) |
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Term
| Smaller internueclar distance |
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Definition
- stronger bonds
- charge makes stronger bonds |
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Term
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Definition
- between two NON- METALS
- share e- to complete outershell
- does not conduct electricity
- form molecules |
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Term
| Types of Bonding (carbon) |
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Definition
- 3D network solid (SiO2;WC)
- 2D network Solid
- covalent molecular solid ( CO2, Buckyball, H2S, O2, NO)
3D network solid (v. hard, v. high mp/bp, clear, hard to shape, doesnt conduct as a solid) |
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Term
| Give examples and properties of COVALENT MOLECULAR STRUCTURE |
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Definition
gasses ( CO2, SO2, )2, H2)
buckyball (have a size!)
covalent bond
doesent conduct
graphite, diamond, CO2, potassium chloride |
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Term
| Give examples and properties of a 2D network? |
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Definition
In layers that slide
graphite
can conduct electricity along the layers
dosen't dissolve in H2O
greesing agent
MP/BP high but not as high as 3D |
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Term
| Give properties and examples of a 3D network |
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Definition
Diamond, SiO2, WC
very high melting and boiling point
doesn't conduct
doesn't dissolve in H2O |
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Term
| Name some properties of metals |
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Definition
- conduct electricity
- usually metalic/silver
- shiny
- have one to two valence e-
- medium melting point
- ductile/ maluable (wire, sheets)
Low I.E |
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Term
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Definition
- the bigger the atom the lower the melting point ( easy to remove outer e-)
- for all METALS mp lowers as you go down the collum
- as you go across the periods the mp becomes higher |
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Term
| Van Der Waals Force ( london forces, disperson forces) |
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Definition
- exsists only between molecules
- only with atoms that have completely filled outer shells
- NOBEL GASSES
- larger the size (surface area) higer the MP/BP point |
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Term
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Definition
occurs between hydrogen- F, N, O, Cl
the dipoles are attracted to each other
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Term
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Definition
exsists between 2 different atoms
- points towords the negitive end
MOLECULAR DIPOLE
- sim of all electric dipoles present |
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Term
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Definition
| = %of isotope 1 + % of isotope 2+ % of isotope 3 + % of isotope ... |
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Term
Hydrocarbons
what are the 6 types of hydrocarbons? |
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Definition
(Hydrogen and carbon only!)
- Alkane
- Alkene
- Alkyne
- Benzene
- Alcohols
- Aldehyde |
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Term
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Definition
(saturated HC)
- suffix= ane, prefixes= # of c present
formula= CnH2n+2
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Term
| what are the 10 prefixes for hydrocarbons |
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Definition
| 1- meth, 2-eth, 3- prop, 4- but, 5- pent, 6- hex, 7- sept, 8- oct, 9- non, 10-dec |
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