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Chemistry Vocab
Elements
62
Biology
9th Grade
10/03/2010

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Term

Matter

Definition

everything that takes up space or has mass

Term

Element

Definition

substance that cannot be broken down.

Term

Trace Elements

Definition

small, yet essential elements.

Term

Chemicals that make up 96% of body

Definition

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Term

Compound

Definition

substance consisting of 2 or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio.

Term
Complex Compound
Definition
compound with four or more elements.
Term
Atom
Definition
smallest unit of matter that retains properties of elements.
Term
Proton
Definition
subatomic particle with single positive electric charge.
Term
Electron
Definition
subatomic particle with single negative electric charge.
Term
Neutron
Definition
Electrically neutral subatomic particle.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
atom's central core that holds protons and neutrons.
Term
Atomic Number
Definition
number of protons in an atom.
Term
Mass Number
Definition
sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Term
Atomic Mass
Definition
equals the mass number, since electrons weigh practically nothing.
Term
Isotopes
Definition
elements with the same number of protons and electrons, but different number of neutrons.
Term
Radioactive Isotope
Definition
when the necleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy.
Term
Dalton
Definition
unit of measurement- protons/neutrons= 1 dalton.
Term
PET scanner
Definition
detects locations of radioactive materials in body. hot spots.
Term
Electron Shells
Definition
certain energy levels.
Term
Chemical Bonds
Definition
atoms held together by strong attractions.
Term
Valence Electrons
Definition
electrons in the outermost shell.
Term
Ion
Definition
atom or molecule with an electrical charge from gaining or losing electrons.
Term
Ionic bond
Definition
when two ions of opposite charges attract and hold.
Term
Salt
Definition
synonym for an ionic compound.
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons.
Term
Molecule
Definition
Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Term
Double Bond
Definition
two atoms share two pairs of electrons.
Term
-
=
Definition
single bond.
double bond.
Term
Electronegativity
Definition
atom's attraction for shared electrons.
Term
Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
Definition
molecules with only one element.
Term
Polar Covalent Bonds
Definition
unequal sharing of electrons.
Term
Polar Molecule
Definition
molecule with unequal distribution of charges.
Term
Most Electronegative Element
Definition
Oxygen.
Term
Hydrogen Bond
Definition
weak bond between positive hydrogen atom in a polar covalent bond and a negative atom bonding between another molecule.
Term
Cohesion
Definition
tendency of molecules to stick together.
Term
Adhesion
Definition
clinging of one substance to another.
Term
Surface Tension
Definition
measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.
Term
Capillary Action
Definition
cohesion and adhesion working together to move water up. ex:plants.
Term
Heat
Definition
amount of energy associated with the movement of atoms and molecules in a body of matter.
Term
Temperature
Definition
measures heat intensity. average speed of molecules.
Term
Evaporative Cooling
Definition
keeps organisms from overheating. ex:sweat.
Term
Absorbed Heat
Definition
breaks hydrogen bonds.
Term
Released Heat
Definition
forms hydrogen bonds.
Term
Ice
Definition
less dense than liquid water. molecules spread more.
Term
Solution
Definition
liquid consisting of uniform mixture of two or more substances.
Term
Solvent
Definition
dissolving agent.
Term
Solute
Definition
substance that is being dissolved.
Term
Aqueous Solution
Definition
solution where water is the solvent.
Term
Acid
Definition
compound that gives hydrogen ions.
Term
Base
Definition
compound that takes hydrogen ions.
Term
pH scale
Definition
potential of Hydrogen. Describes how basic or acidic a solution is. 0-14.
Term
Buffers
Definition
substances that minimize pH changes.
Term
pH Increases
Definition
number of hydrogen atoms goes down.
Term
pH Decreases
Definition
number of hydrogen atoms goes up.
Term
pH 3 to pH 4
Definition
10x more basic.
Term
pH 4 to pH 3
Definition
10x more acidic.
Term
pH 7
Definition
neutral- pure water, H or OH.
Term
Blood
Definition
pH 7.4
Term
Chemical Reaction
Definition
making or breaking of chemical bonds, causing composition to change.
Term
Reactants
Definition
conversion of starting materials.
Term
Product
Definition
end result of a chemical reaction.
Term
Chemical Reactions in Most Living Things
Definition
Carbon.
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