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Chemistry Laws
Gas Laws
10
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
04/05/2013

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Term
Avogardro's law
Definition

Equal volumes of gases under identical temperature and pressure conditions will contain equal numbers of particles (atoms, ion, molecules, electrons, etc.).


Avogadro's Number= 6.02 .1023 atoms in a mole 

Term
Boyle's Law
Definition

 At constant temperature, the volume of a confined gas is inversely proportional to the pressure to which it is subjected.


Formula: PV=k or P1V1=P2V2 or P1/P2=V1/V2 (P=pressure; V=volume)

Term
Charles' Law
Definition

At constant pressure, the volume of a confined gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.


Formula: V=kT or V1/V2=T1/T2 (V= volume;T=temperature) 

Term
Conservation of Energy
Definition
Energy can be neither created nor destroyed; the energy of the universe is constant. This is the First Law of Thermodynamics.
Term
Conservation of Mass
Definition
Also known as Conservation of Matter. Matter can be neither created nor destroyed, though it can be rearranged. Mass remains constant in an ordinary chemical change.
Term
Dalton's Law
Definition

The pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.


PressureTotal=Pressure1+Presssure2+...Pressuren


Term
Gay-Lussac's Law
Definition

This law is about how pressure and temperature relate, which means the law assumes a constant volume of gas (meaning we assume the volume is not variable—it does not change). This law says that pressure is directly proportional to temperature.

 

Formula:  P1/P2=T1/T2

Term
Ideal Gas Law
Definition

The state of an ideal gas is determined by its pressure, volume, and temperature.


Formula:  PV=nRT


where: P is the absolute pressure

               V is the volume of the vessel
                    n is the number of moles of gas
            R is the ideal gas constant
                 T is the absolute temperature

Term
Dulong and Petit's Law
Definition
Most metals require 6.2 cal of heat in order to raise the temperature of 1 gram-atomic mass of the metal by 1°C. 
Term
Henry's Law
Definition

The solubility of a gas (unless it is highly soluble) is directly proportional to the pressure applied to the gas.


Formula C=k*Pgas

 

where: C is the solubility of a gas at a fixed temperature in a particular solvent(M or ml gas/L)

k= Henry's law constant(M/atm)

Pgas=Partial pressure of the gas(atm)

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