Calcium

pressure on semipermeable membrane caused by different diffusion rates

-Colligative Property (Elevation)

10.8

moles solute

_____________

liter solution

6.02x1023 particles

(if gas) 22.4 L

atomic/molecular mass

moles solute

___________

kg solvent

alkaline

alkaline-eath

Lanthanoids

Actinoids

Chalogens

Halogens

Noble Gases

+/-   all numbers must have all places

x, /   smallest number of sig digs overall

small......................biggest.            none

....................................Noble Gas-no bonding

smallest.................small.             none

low..........................high

low.........................high

small........................smallest

biggest.............................small

diff. in electronegativities

covalent<1.67<Ionic (or =to 1.67)

8.31 kPa x L

_____________

mole x Kelvin

Standard......

~Pressure

~Temp

101.325 kPa

273K

Pr^ V^v

*if you squeeze gas, it gets smaller

~blood sugar

C6H1206

Vapor Pr=mole fraction x vapor pr

                solution                 solvent               solvent

Vap pr. depression

Melting pt. elevation

freezing pt. depression

osmotic pr. elevation

energy change when a soln is made

~most are endothermic

H, N, O, Cl, F, Br, I

~when finding the molecular mass, double it!!

ex: O is 16.0g, but O₂ is 32.0g !

mole cmpd (solvent)

_____________________

mols all cmpds (mols+mols+mols etc.)

affected by

~Concentration  (^concentration, ^Rx Rate)

~Temp  (^Temp, ^Rx Rate)

~Catalyst (speed Rx, still there afterward ex: enzymes)

~Nature of Reactants (activation E, etc)

Doesn't react at room temperature

~within molecules (big electroneg. differences [but less than1.67])

~one element pull's e-'s closer-charges assemble- ex: H2O

39.1

symbol=K

Empirical Formula's

~get ea. cmpd into moles

~divide by the smallest mole amount

~get whole #'s...

Helium

NH₄ +1

T^ V^

~Charlie Brown on TV

~goes --> or <--

~coefficients--> exponents

~multiply all the products/reactants 

equilibrium eq:      [M products]

______________

[M reactants]

~states of matter (s, l, g)

~new shape

~new size

~diff color

~amount present (moles)

~dissoving it

~high melt. pt, boil. pt, fr pt

~metallic bonds within ea. other

~usually ionic bonds w/non-metals

~always "+" -lose e^- 's

~generally unstable

level, sublevel, orbital, spin

Level-1,2...use P Table

sublevel-s[0]p[1]d[2]f[3]...location on P Table

orbital- -sublevel--> +sublevel

spin- + or - 1/2