List the particles of an atom and they're charge and where they can be found in an atom.

Proton: 1 positive charge; in nucleus

Neutron; no charge; in nucleus

Electron: 1 negative charge; circling around nucleus

Atom

The smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance.

Electron

Negatively charged particles found in all atoms; electrons are involved in the formation of chemical bonds.

Theory

An full explanation for a broad range of hypotheses and obsevations that have been supported by testing.

Model

A representation of an object or system.

Nucleus

The tiny, extremely dense, positively charged region in the center of an atom; made up of protons and neutrons.

Electron Clouds

The regions inside an atom where electrons are likely to be found.

Protons

The positively charged particles of the nucleus; the number of protons determines the identity of an element.

 The number of protons in the nucleus is called the _______________,

and it is always a whole number

Atomic Number

Atomic Mass Unit

(amu)

The SI unit used to express the masses of particles in an atom.

Isotopes

Atoms that have the same number of protons but have different numbers of neutrons.

The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom and the average mass of the atom is called the ___________.

Atomic Mass or Atomic Weight

The rounded atomic mass is the ____________.

Mass Number

Ion

An element where the number of protons is not equal to the amount of electrons which gives the element a charge (+ or -) instead of being neutral.

What is the charge of an atom that has 5 protons and 10 electrons? 

-5

What is the charge of an atom that has 17 electrons and 28 protons?

+11

Draw an example of Shorthand Notation.

(Check notes for this one)

What are #1, #2, and #3 supposed to be? (for shorthand notation)

#1

            #2

#3

#1: Mass number

#2: Symbol of element

#3: Atomic number

Draw an example of Shorthand Notation for an ion with a charge of +3. 

(check notes for this)

Elements

Pure substances that cannot be seperated or broken down into simpler subsatances by physical or chemical means.

Pure Substance

A substance in which there is only one type of particle.

List the three main types of elements.

Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

Metals

Shiny.

Good conductors of thermal and electric energy.

Most are malleable and ductile.

Metalloids

Have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Semi-conductors.

Semi-ductile and semi-malleable.

Nonmetals

Dull.

Poor conductors.

 Great insulators.

Brittle and weak.

Mixture

Combination of two or more elements that are not chemically combined.

Can be seperated by physical means.

Compound 

A pure substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined.

Can be seperated by chemical means.

1. Mixtures can be ________ or _______.

2. The 3 types of mixtures are ________, ________, or ________.

1. Homogeneous; heterogeneous

2. Solutions; suspensions; colliods

List at least 2 ways of seperating mixtures.

Distillation, Magnet, or Centrifuge

(as long as you have 2)

Solution

A mixture that is homogeneous and is made up of a solute that has been dissolved in a solvent.

Solute

The substance that is dissolved in a solution. 

Solvent

The substance that dissolves the solute in a solution.

Suspension

A mixture where the particles are dispersed throughout a liquid or gas but are large enough they settle out.

-solute does not dissolve in suspensions

Colloid

A mixture where the particles are dispersed evenly throughout the substance but are too small and light to settle out.

Concentration

Measures the amount of solute in the solvent 

-unit is Molarity (M)

-another unit is grams in a specific volume

Unsaturated Solution

Solution where it can dissolve more solute.

Saturated Solution

Solution where it can't dissolve more solute.

Solubility

The amount of solute needed to make a solution completely saturated.

The ability to dissolve in another substance.

List at least two ways to increase solubility.

Mixing the substance, heating the substance, or crushing the solute.

Characterisic Property

A property special to a substance regardless of the amount of the substance. Helps you identify the element.

Give one example of a characteristic property.

Density, boiling point, ductility, maleability, reactive with something (more in notes if there are other examples you wish to put).

(as long as you have one)

Which is there more of in a solution?

A. Solute

B. None, they're equal in amount

C. Solvent

C. Solvent

Which of these can be filtered?

A. Suspension

B. Colloid

C. Solution

D.Both A and B

E. Both B and C

F. Both A and C

D. Both A and B

Volume

The amount of space a substance takes up.

Units: cm³ (CC) or liters (l)

Mass

The amount of matter in an object.

Units: gram (g)

Length

The distance between points.

Units: cm, m, in, km, ft, mm, mile, etc.

Matter

Anything that has mass and volume.

All matter is made of atoms

List the four states of matter.

Gas, Liquid, Solid, Plasma

Solid

a state of matter in which matter has a definite shape and volume. The atoms are very attracted to eachother and stay together, so the atoms do not move out of place.

Units for volume: cubic units (like cm³) or mL and L. 

Liquid

Plasma

Gas

A state of matter in which matter changes in both shape and volume.

Pressure

The amount of force exerted on a given area. 

Boyle's Law

A law that states that the volume of a gas increases as the pressure decreases.

Charle's Law

A law that states that the volume of a gas increases as the temperature increases.

Change of State

The conversion of a substance from one state of matter to another.

Melting

The change of state from a solid to a liquid.

Freezing

The change of state from a liquid to a solid.

Vaporization

The change of state from a liquid to a gas.

Includes evaporization and boiling.

Condensation

The change of state from a gas to a liquid.

Sublimation 

The change of state from a solid directly into a gas.

Exothermic Changes of States

 The changes of states where heat is leaving the substance, which is nessesary for the change of state to occur.

Endothermic Changes of States 

The changes of states where heat is entering the substance, which is nessesary for the change of state to occur.

What are the two properties of liquids?

Surface Tension and Viscosity

Surface Tension

A force acting on liquid on surface. Cause spherical dot formation.

Viscosity

Resistance of flow.

-thicker liquids are more viscous.

Tempurature

The measure of how fast the molecules are moving.

-amount of energy, also caled heat.

Boiling 

A type of vaporization that occurs at the substance's boiling point throughout the liquid.

Evaporization

A type of vaporization that occurs below the boiling point only at the surface of the liquid.

1. _________ effects boiling points.

2. The ________ you get the              (A.lower ;B.bigger) the boiling point gets.

1. Alttitude

2. Higher; bigger

List the exothermic changes

Freezing, Condensation

List the Endothermic changes.

Melting, Vaporization, Sublimation

What are #1, #2, #3,and #4 supposed to be for an element on the table of elements?

#1

#2

#3

#4

#1: Atomic Number

#2: Element's Symbol

#3: Element's Name

#4: Atomic Mass or Atomic weight 

Chemical Properties

A property of matter based on it's ability to change into a new substance with new properties.

Physical Properties

A property of matter that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. 

Density

The amount of matter in a given space; mass per unit volume

Density=mass÷volume

Chemical Change

Introduced the idea of atoms, saying they were small, hard particles and that they were idivisible. He also said that all substances were made up of atoms. 

He also said that atoms came in different shapes.

What thing(s) did Democritis say that was incorrect?

A. Atoms are small, hard particles

B. Atoms come in different shapes

C. All substances are made up of atoms

D. Atoms are indivisible

E. None of the above

1. Who opposed (went against, hated) Democritis and his ideas?

2. Which of the two won people's respect?

1. Aristotle

2. Aristotle

1) All substances are made of atoms, and atoms are small particles that cannot be divided, created, or destroyed.

2) Atoms of the same element are exactly alike, and atoms of different elements are different.

3) Atoms join with other atoms to make new substances.

UtrEfDrHo conducted the __________ experiment.

Which part of Rutherford's discoveries was wrong?

A. None of the below

B. Protons are densly packed in the center of the atom.

C. The atom is alot of empty space with electrons on the outside of the nucleus