Protons has a CHARGE of +1 and a MASS of 1

Electrons has a CHARGE of -1 and a MASS of almost zero

Neutrons has a CHARGE of 0 and a MASS of 1

Number of protons + Number of neutrons = Relative atomic mass (RAM) 

Mass number- The number on the top of the element (Number of protons + neutrons)

Atomic number - The number on the bottom of the element (Proton number)

 Grouped Elements in Ion Form

Group 1: 1+

Group 2: 2+

Group 3: 3+

Group 4: 0 (NO CHARGE)

Group 5: -3

Group 6: -2

Group 7: -1

Electrons on Outer Shell and Electron Arrangement

1st : 2

2nd : 8

3rd : 8 

And so on...

Potassium (K), proton number 19, has an electron arrangement of 2:8:8:1

Group 1 (Alkali Metals)

• Group 1 is called the alkali metals
• They are 1+ in ionic form, because they lose an electron which is easier for them instead of gaining another 7.
• Get more reactive as you go down the group

Group 1 word equations

The equation for the reaction of Group 1 elements with water is

metal + water metal → metal hydroxide + hydrogen

The balanced symbol equation for reaction of Sodium (Na) with water is

 2Na(s) + 2H2O → H2(g) + 2NaOH(aq)

Group 7 (Halogens)

• The further you go down, the less reactive, the halogen gets. 
• The smaller the electron number is, the more reactive.