What is chemistry?

 The study of the composition of matter

What are the 5 branches of chemistry?

Organic Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry

Biochemistry

Analytical Chemistry

Physical Chemistry

What is matter?

Anything that has a mass and takes up space

How is matter classified?

substances and mixtures

How is matter described?

Solids

Liquids

 Gases

What are the types of mixtures?

Heterogeneous

Homogeneous

How are substances different from mixtures?

Substances are only made up of only one kind of matter, while mixtures have two or more.

What substance has no definite shape or volume?

Gas

What substance has a fixed volume and takes the shape of its container?

Liquid

What substance has a definite shape and volume?

Solid

What is another name for homogeneous mixtures?

Solutions

Define a qualitative measurement.

A measurement that gives results in a descriptive, nonnumerical form.

Define a quantitative measurement.

A measurement that gives results in a definite form, usually as numbers or in units.

What is the formula for percent error?

Absolute value of the error divided by the accepted value. All times 100.

Define accuracy.

A measure of how close a measurement comes to its actual or true value of whatever is measured.

Define precision.

A measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another.

What is the formula for error?

Accepted value - Experimental value

How must measurements always be reported?

In correct significant figures

What is the base unit for length?

meter (m)

What is the base unit for mass?

kilogram (kg)

What is the base unit for density?

 Solids:  grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³)

Liquids:   grams per milliliter (g/mL)

What is the base unit for temperature?

kelvin (K)

Who first suggested the existence of electrons?

Democritus of Abdera

Name the 4 ideas of Dalton's atomic theory.

1. All elements are composed of atoms
2. Atoms of the same element are identical. The atoms of one element are different from any other element.
3. Atoms of different elements can physically mix together or chemically combine with one another in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds.
4. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated, joined, or rearranged. Atoms of one element are never changed into atoms of another element as a result of a chemical reaction.

Who discovered electrons?

J. J. Thomson

What year were electrons discovered?

1897

What is Millikan known for?

He determined the ratio of the charge to the mass of an electron. he also found the mass of an electron.

What are protons?

Positively charged subatomic particles located in the nucleus

What is Rutherford known for?

Gold Foil Experiment

What year did Rutherford perform his famous experiment?

1911

How do you determine the number of neutrons in an element?

Mass number - Atomic number

What are isotopes?

Atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Who designed the first periodic table?

Mendeleev

 Who created the periodic table that we still use today?

Moseley

Define the Periodic Law

When the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of hteir physical and chemical properties.

Define fission.

The splitting of the nucleus into smaller fragments

Define fusion.

When nuclei combine to produce a nucleus of a greater mass.

What shape are p orbitals?

Dumbell

What shape are s orbitals?

Sphere