Term
| Define: chemical reaction |
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Definition
| change of one or more substances converted into new substances |
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Term
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Definition
| substances that combine or chance |
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Term
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Definition
| new substances that are produced |
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Term
| Define: Conservation of Mass |
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Definition
| a law which states that, in a chemical reaction, matter is not created or destroyed/stays the same |
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Term
| Who is Antoine Lavoisier? |
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Definition
He performed an experiment with mercury (II) oxide and heat.
He discovered the Conservation of Mass |
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Term
| Define: chemical equation |
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Definition
| describes a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and symbols |
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Term
| What do chemical formulas express? |
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Definition
| the relationship between elements in the compounds and molecules they make up |
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Term
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Definition
| numbers which express the relationship between elements in the compounds and molecules they make up |
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Term
| What does knowing coefficients of chemical reactions allow chemists to do? |
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Definition
| use the correct amounts of reactants to predict the amount of products |
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Term
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Definition
| numbers which represent the number of atoms in a molecule of a particular element |
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Term
What do the following symbols represent?
(s)
(aq)
(g)
(l) |
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Definition
(s) solid
(aq) aqueous- dissolved in water
(g) gas
(l) liquid |
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Term
True or False?
Metals react with the atmosphere in similar ways. |
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Definition
False
Metals react with the atmosphere in [different] ways. |
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Term
| Define: balanced chemical reaction |
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Definition
| both sides of equation have same number of atoms of each atom |
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Term
How do chemists write balanced chemical equations?
(Hint: 4 step process) |
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Definition
1. Describe the reaction in words
2. Write the equation using formulas and symbols
3. Check for balance
4. Add coefficients where needed for balance |
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Term
| Define: synthesis reaction |
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Definition
two or more substances form a new substance
(A+B=AB) |
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Term
| Define: decomposition reaction |
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Definition
one substance breaks down into two or more substances
(AB=A+B) |
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Term
| Define: single-displacement reaction |
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Definition
one element replaces another in a compound
(A+BC=AB+C) |
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Term
| Define: double-displacement reaction |
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Definition
two metals switch places; a precipitate, water, or a gas forms when two ionic compounds in solution are combined
(AB+CD=AC+BD) |
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Term
| Do breaking chemical bonds require or release energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do forming chemical bonds require or release energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define: exergonic reactions |
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Definition
energy required to break bonds < energy released from new bonds
energy usually in the form of light |
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Term
| Define: exothermic reactions |
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Definition
| energy given off in the form of heat |
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Term
| Define: endergonic reactions |
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Definition
energy released from new bonds > energy required to break bonds
no energy for the reaction to occur |
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Term
| Define: endothermic reactions |
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Definition
| energy is needed in the form of heat |
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Term
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Definition
| speeds up a chemical reaction without being permanently changed itself (does not get used up) |
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Term
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Definition
| prevents or slows a chemical reaction or interferes with a catalyst's action |
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