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Details Title: Chater 8/9 Psychology Description: Thinking Language Intelligence Total Flash Cards: 55 Created: 11/02/2004 13:14:29	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Thinking Definition A mental activity understanding, processing, and communicating information. Term Symbol Definition An object representing something else. Term Concept Definition A group of similar objects-Animal Term Protype Definition An example of a concept best exemplifying it. An average of all experienced examples-What kind of shoe you think of when you hear the word "shoe". Term Algorithms Definition Long, time consuming, solves problems and always finds the correct answer. Term Heuristics Definition Shortcuts to finding the solution to a problem, but not always 100% accurate. Term Trial and Error Definition Method of problem solving; if something doesn't work try another. Term Difference Reduction Definition Method of problem solving; Identify the goal and reduce the distance inbetween the goal and yourself. Term Means-End Analysis Definition Method of problem solving; knowing what to do to achieve certain results. Term Working backwards Definition Method of problem solving; Moving through the process starting at the conclusion-Trying to get tot he other side of the bank. Find a path starting at the other side working a way to your side. Term Analogies Definition Method of problem solving; Using the same approach that worked in a previous problem. Term Insight Definition A sudden burst of information. Discovered by Wolfgang Kohler. Term Incubation Effect Definition Coming to a solution when you are not consciously working on the problem. Term Mental Set Definition Tendency to respond to a new problem with the same successful methold used in an older problem. *Used with analogies Term Functional Fixedness Definition Tendency to think an object is only being used for one function. Term Convergent thinking Definition Limited to facts. Term Divergent Thinking Definition Follow many leads; deeper. Term Steps to Problem solving Definition Asses the Problem Brainstorm approaches Choose apporach Do it Evaluate results Term Reasoning Definition Use of information to reach conclusions. Term Deductive Reasoning Definition Conclusion is true if the premises are true. Term Premise Definition An idea or statement giving basic information to draw conclusions. Term Inductive Reasoning Definition Reason from individual cases or particular facts to reach a general conclusion. Term Conformation Bias Definition Tendency to try to prove a hypotheses right rather than easily disprove it. Term Representativesness Heuristic Definition People make decisions about a sample according to the population that the sample appears to represent. Term Availability Heuristic Definition Decisions based on information that is available to them in their immediate consciousness. Term Anchoring Heuristic Definition Decisions made based on certain ideas or standards they hold, ideas or standards that serve as an anchor for them. Term Framing Effect Definition Way of wording afffects decision making. Term Phonemes Definition Basic sounds of language. Term Morphemes Definition Units of meaning in a language made with phonemes. Term Syntax Definition Way words are arranged to make phrases. Term Semantics Definition Relationship between language and things depicted in a language. Right/write Term 5 Steps of language Definition crying, cooing, babling, words, phrases/grammer Term Overregulation Definition Applying normal rules to all words. "Runned" "Seed" shows grammer development. Term LAD Definition Noam Chomsky discovered that humans haev this and animals do not. The tendancy to naturally aquire language. Term Avhievement Definition Knowledge and skills aquired though experience. Term ____ is the basis for achievement Definition Intelligence. Term Intelligence Definition Defined as abilities to learn experience, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with others. Term Charles Spearman Definition Factor g-General intelligence Factor s-Specific intelligence Term Louis Thurstone Definition 8 factors make up intelligence Term Gardner Definition 7 Kinds of intelligence all individual and in differnt parts of the brain. Term Robert Sternberg Definition Different kinds of intelligences work together Analytic/Creative/practical Term Daniel Goleman Definition Emotional intelligence. The ability to recognize feelings. Term Alfred Binet Definition Devised 1st modern intelligence test. Term Mental Age Definition Intellectual level at which a child is functioning. Term Louis Terman Definition Brought Binets tests to the U.S. and they became Stanford-Binet-Intelligence-Scales (SBIS Term IQ Definition Intelligence Quotient. Mental Age Divided by chronological age times 100. Term Transformed Scroe Definition Score that has changed from a raw score in a systematic way. Term Wechesler Scales Definition Several Subtests each measuring a different skill. Term Intelligence tests must be ____ and _____ Definition Valid and reliable Term Validity Definition MEasures what it is supposed to measure Term Test-retest Reliability Definition Compare scores earned by some person on same person on same test at different times. Term Gifted Definition Possess outstanding talent or to show potential for performing at remarkably high levels of accomplishment compared to the kids the same age. Term Creativity Definition Linked with giftness Term Idiot Savant Definition Person echibiting extraordinary skill, even brillance in a particular field. Term Heritability Definition Extent to which variations in a trait from person to person can be explained by genetic factors.