Term
| When vibrations travel along acoustic nerves to your brain, which interprets them as your friend's words and voice tone, this effect is known as ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Seeing and hearing constitute______which is the first step in the listening process. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is the second step in the listening process, which involves devoting attention to the information you've received. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you find your attention wandering, practice_____, which is systematically putting aside thoughts that aren't relevant to the interaction at hand. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______involves interpreting the meaning of another person's communication by comparing newly received information against our past knowledge. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Whenever you receive and attend to new information you place it in your ______, the part of your mind that temporarily houses the information while you seek to understand its meaning. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| While the new information sits in your short-term memory, you call up relevant knowledge from your ______, the part of your mind devoted to permanent information storage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is when you convey your attention and understanding to tohers by clearly and constructively responding through psotive feedback, paraphrasing, and clarifying. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the five stages of listening? |
|
Definition
| receiving, attending, understanding, and responding, recalling |
|
|
Term
| Critical to active listening is using verbal and nonverbal behaviors known as ______to communicate attention and understanding while others are talking. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______are verbal and nonverbal behaviors such as nodding and making comments like--"uh-huh" "yes" "that makes sense" which signal you've paid attention to and understood specific comments. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is summarizing others' comments after they have finished. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______is remembering information after you've received, attended to, understood, and responded to it. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____are devices that aid memory. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ______causes us to remember unusal information more readily than commonplace information. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the five functions of listening? |
|
Definition
| listening to comprehend, discern, analyze, appreciate, and support. Learn these in greater detail (pg. 158 and 159 in book) |
|
|
Term
| What are the four listening styles? |
|
Definition
| action oriented listeners, time oriented listeners, people oriented listeners, and content oriented listeners |
|
|
Term
| _____want brief, to the point, and accurate messages from others---information they can then use to make decisions or initiate courses of action. |
|
Definition
| action-oriented listeners |
|
|
Term
| ______prefer brief and concise encounters. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______view listening as an opportunity to establish commonalities between themselves and others. |
|
Definition
| people oriented listeners |
|
|
Term
| _____prefer to be intellectually challenged by the messages they receive during interpersonal encounters. |
|
Definition
| content oriented listeners |
|
|
Term
| Perhaps the greatest challenge to active listening is overcoming______, taking in only those bits and pieces of information that are immediately salient during an interpersonal encounter and dismissing the rest. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When people intentionally and systematically set up situations so they can listen to private conversations, they are _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You're engaging in ______, behaving as if you're paying attention though you're really not. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| People who engage in ______attend to what others say solely to find an opportunity to attack their conversational partners. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some people engage in aggressive listening online. People known as ______post messages designed solely as "trolls" to annoy others. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______is self absorbed listening: the perpetrator ignores what otehrs have to say and redirects the conversation to him or herself and his or her own interests. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The exchange of spoken or written language with others during interactions, known as ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Whenever we use items to represent other things, they are considered _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______define word meaning: they tell us which words represent which objects. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______govern how we use language when we verbally communicate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Partners in close relationships, for example, often create ______which are words and phrases that have unique meanings to them. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When large groups of people share creative variations on language rules, those variations are called _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Within_______, such as in China, Korea, and Japan, people presume that listeners share extensive knowledge in common with them. As a result, they don't feel a need to provide a lot of explicit information to gain listeners' understanding. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In _____, people tend not to presume that listeners share their beliefs, attitudes, and values so they tailor their verbal communication to be informative, clear, and direct. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When you use language to verbally communicate, you share two kinds of meanings. The first is the literal meaning of your words, as agreed on by members of your culture, known as _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______is what you find in dictionaries. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| But when we verbally communicate, we also exchange _______: additional understandings of a word's meaning based on the situation and the knowledge we and our communication partners share. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The theory that language defines the boundaries of our thinking is known as ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sapir and Whorf agreed that people from different cultures would perceive and think about the world in very different ways, an effect known as ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is creating linguistic symbols for objects. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are five functions of verbal communication? |
|
Definition
| sharing meaning, shaping thought, naming, performing actions, and crafting conversation |
|
|
Term
| The actions that we perform with language are called _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| look at class notes and table 6.1 on p.188 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four aspects of conversations? |
|
Definition
| interactive, local managment, universal, and scripts |
|
|
Term
| Conversations are _____, which means that at least two people must participate in the exchange for it to count as a conversation, and participants must take turns exchanging messages. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____means that we make decisions regarding who gets to speak when, and for how long, each time we exchange turns. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____are rigidly structured patterns of talk. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When you use ______, you produce messages that have three characteristics. First, you speak in ways that others can easily understand, using language that is informative, honest, relevant, and clear. Second you take active ownership of what you're sayiing by using "I" language. Third, you make others feel included rather than excluded--for example, through the use of "we". |
|
Definition
| cooperative verbal communication |
|
|
Term
| To produce understandable messages, we have to abide by the ______: making our conversational contributions as infomrative, honest, relevant, and clear as required, given the purposes of the encounters in which we're involved. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______is the single most important characteristic of cooperative verbal communication because other people count on the fact that the information you share with them is truthful. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When one person misperceives another's thoughts, feelings, or beliefs as expressed in the other individual's verbal communication, ____occurs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ______holds that people are especially mtoivated to adapt their language when they seek social approval, when they wish to establish relationships with others, and when they view others' language usage as appropriate. |
|
Definition
| communication accomodation theory |
|
|
Term
| Some people experience______, fear or anxiety associated with interaction that keeps them from being able to communicate cooperatively. |
|
Definition
| communication apprehension |
|
|
Term
| The key to overcoming is to develop _______, mental maps that describe exactly how communication encounters will unfold--prior to interacting in the situations or with the people or types of peole that cause your apprehension. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____are impolite messages delivered in response to suggestions, criticism, or perceived slights. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is the tendency to attack others' self concepts rather than their positions on topics of conversation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____occurs when people deliberately use uninformative, untruthful, irrelevant, or vague language for the purpose of misleading others. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Our reliance on nonverbal communication escalates even higher when people display _____, verbal and nonverbal behaviors that convey contradictory meanings. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You can greatly strengthen your nonverbal communication skills by understanding______, the different means used for transmitting information nonverbally. |
|
Definition
| nonverbal communication codes |
|
|
Term
| ____are visible body movements. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Flipping" someone "the bird" falls into a category of gestures known as _____, which represent specific verbal meanings. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unlike emblems, _____accent or illustrate verbal messages. YOu tell your spouse about a rough road you recently biked, and as you describe the bumpy road you bounce your hand up and down to ______ the ride. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______control the exchange of conversational turns during interpersonal encounters. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____are touching gestures that serve a pyschological or physical purpose. For example, yu smooth your hair to make a better impression while meeting a potential new romantic partner. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is the degree to which you find someone interesting and attractive. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is the ability to influence or control other people or events. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____are vocal characterstics we use to communicate nonverbal messages. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Using touch to communicate nonverbally is known as _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We use _____to accomplish some type of task. Examples include touch between physicians and patients, teachers and students, coaches and athletes. |
|
Definition
| functional-professional touch |
|
|
Term
| _____derives from social norms and expectations. The most common form is the handshake. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We rely on _____to express liking for another person. For example, gently grasping a friend's arm and giving it a squeeze. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______lets you convey deep emotional feelings. For example, cupping a romantic partner's face tenderly in your hands, giving him or her a big lingering hug. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______is intended to physically stimulate another person. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____involves forms of physical violence like grabbing, slapping, and hitting--behaviors designed to hurt and humiliate others. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the six types of touch? |
|
Definition
| functional-professional, social-polite, friendship-warmth, love-intimacy, sexual-arousal, aggressive-hostile |
|
|
Term
| ______is communication through the use of physical distance. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ranges from 0 to 18 inches. Sharing _____with someone counts among the defining nonverbal features of close relationships. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ranges between 18 inches and 4 feet and is the distance we occupy during encounters with friends. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ranges from about 4 to 12 feet. Many people use it when communicating in the workplace or with acquantances and strangers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In_____, the distance between persons ranges upward from 12 feet, including great distances; this span occurs most often during formal occasions such as public speeches or college lectures. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is the tendency to claim physical spaces as our own and to define certain locations as areas we don't want others to invade without permission. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is the way you use time to communicate during interpersonal encounters. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| People have an ______orientation value careful scheduling and time management. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In contrast to M-time, people who have a _____orientation don't view time as a resource to be spent, saved, or guarded. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Our_____profoundly influences all of our interpersonal encounters. Body type, hair, clothing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A final way in which we communicate nonverbally is through our_____, the physical features of our surroundings. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of environmental factors that play a role in shaping interpersonal communication? |
|
Definition
| fixed features (wall, celing, floor) and semifixed features (furniture, lighting, and color) |
|
|
Term
| We communicate emotion nonverbally through______intentional or unintentional nonverbal behaviors that display actual or feigned emotions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One crucial function that nonverbal communication serves is to create______, the feeling of closeness and "union" that exists between us and our partners. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____refers to the interpersonal behaviors we use to exert power and influence over others. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is the process that occurs when people perceive that they have incompatible goals or that someone is interfering in thei ability to achieve their objectives. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a conflict shifts topic, it can devolve into______, in which combatants hurt insults and accusations at each other that have little to do with the original disagreement. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When power is balanced, _____result. When power is unbalanced, _____are the outcome. |
|
Definition
| symmetrical relationships; complementary relationships |
|
|
Term
| According to _____, people with only moderate power are most likely to use controlling communication. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To acquire power, you must possess or control some form of _____, a resource that other people value. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____includes material things such as money, property, and food. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____comprises social skills or knowledge. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A person who is linked with a network of friends, family, and acquintances with substantial influence has _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Personal characterstics--beauty, intelligence, charisma, communication skill, sense of humor---that people consider desirable constitute______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Finally, you acquire______when you share a close bond with someone that no one esle shares. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cultures also differ widely in the degree to which people view the unequal distributions of power as acceptable, known as _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IN ______, it's considered normal and even desirable for people of different social and professional status to be widely separated in terms of their power. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IN ______, peole in high status positions strive to minimize the differences between themselves and lower status persons, often interacting with lower status perseons in an informal and equal fashion. |
|
Definition
| low power-distance cultures |
|
|
Term
| One way to handle conflict is _____, ignoring the conflict, pretending it isn't really happening, or communicating indirectly about the situation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One common form of avodiance is _____, in which a person avoids a conflict by changing the topic or joking about it. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another form of avoidance is _____, communicating in a negative fashion and then abandoning the encounter by physically leaving the scene or refusing to interact further. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Avoidance poses substantial risks. One of the biggest is _____, in which repressed irritation grows as the mental list of grievances we have against our partners builds. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A second risk posed by avoidance is _____, the perception that a conflict exists when in fact it doesn't. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Through______, one person abandons his or her own goals and acquiesces to the desires of the other person. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is an open and clear discussion of the goal clash that exists and the pursuit of one's own goals without regard. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The primary risk of choosing a commpetitive approach is _____, a dramtic rise in emotional intensity and increasingly negative and aggressive communication, just like an airline dspute. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most construction approach to managing conflict is _____treating conflict as a mutual problem solving challenge rather than something that must be avoided, accomodated, competed over, or reacted to. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some conflicts end through_____, the sudden withdrawal of one person from the encoutner. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____occurs when one person gets his or her way by influencing the other to engage in accomodation and abandon goals. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During_____both parties change tehir goals to make them compatible. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Through ____, the two sides preserve and attain their goals by developing a creative solution to their problem. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In cases of especially intense conflict, _____people agreeing to change the basic rules or understandings that govern tehri relationship to prevent further confict---may result. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____occur when people get so angry that they suddenly declare the end of the relationship, even though breaking up wasn't a possibility before the conflict. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Perhaps the most destructive messages are _____, statements that are honest in content but have been kept hidden to protect a partner's feelings. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another conflict challenge we face in close relationships is _____, a series of unresolved disputes, all having to do with the same issue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Although many serial arguemnts involve heated verbal battles, others take the form of ______, in which one partner in a relationship demands that his or her goals be met, and the other partner responds by withdrawing from the encounter. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One outcome of physical violence in close relationships is the ______, whereby individuals stop discussing relationship issues out of fear of their partners' negative reactions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is an activity that involves sound waves stimulating our ear drums. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______involves receiving, attending to, understanding, responding to, and recalling sounds and visual images during interpersonal encounters. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the key elements and distinctions of listening? (5) |
|
Definition
| aural, receiving/make sense of/retrieving information, NOT hearing, differs from general perceptual process, differs from memory |
|
|
Term
| What are the six stages of listening? |
|
Definition
| hearing, receiving, attending, understanding, responding, recalling |
|
|
Term
| ______includes seeing visual input and hearing auditory input. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can you enhance receiving? |
|
Definition
| becoming aware of and controlling noise pollution |
|
|
Term
| ______includes devoting attention to the information you've received. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are three ways to improve your attention? |
|
Definition
| increase awareness of attention level, notice problematic encounters, practice mental bracketing |
|
|
Term
| _____means interpreting meaning by comparing newly received info against past knowledge. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____temporarily houses information while you seek to understand its meaning. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______is clearly and constructively providing feedback tot eh speaker |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____are a form of positive feedback, signal that you are paying attention, can be verbal, cna be nonverbal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____means summarizing others comments; it is also positive feedback. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is remembering information after you've received, attended to, understood and responded to it. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is not an actual step in the listening process, but it is essential for life. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the five purposes of listening? |
|
Definition
| listen to comprehend, support, analyze, appreciate, and discern |
|
|
Term
| Listening to ______means accurately interpreting and storing information received so that it can be recalled correctly later. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Listening to _____ means aiming to provide comfort to a conversational partner. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Listening to _____means carefully evaluating a message that you are receiving in order to judge it. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Listening to appreciate means enjoying the sights and sounds you're experiencing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Listening to ______means distinguishing specific sounds from one another, as musicians do when tuning instruments. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some barriers to effective listening include what three things? |
|
Definition
| internal and external noise, information overload, and information processing ability |
|
|
Term
| What are five bad listening habits? |
|
Definition
| pseudo-listening, selective listening, ambushing, advising, and ego-centric listening |
|
|
Term
| _____is anything that interferes with a the transmission of a message (can be physical, semantic, or psychological). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When we receive more messages than we can reasonably process it is called______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______are messages filled with excessive details, jargon, or challenging arguments. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is a habitual pattern of listening behaviors that reflect your attitudes, beliefs, and predispostions regarding the listening process. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four types of listening styles? |
|
Definition
| action-oriented, time oriented, people oriented, and content oriented |
|
|
Term
| _____is a preference to receive brief, to the point, accurate info for decision making. |
|
Definition
| action oriented listening |
|
|
Term
| A supervisor who requires brief summaries from department heads and does not want to waste time in meetings. This would be an example of what listening style? |
|
Definition
| action oriented listening |
|
|
Term
| _____is a preference of brief, concise messages to save time. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A supervisor who can only listen if it fits into their time schedule would be an example of what type of listening? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Those who view listening as an opportunity to establish commonalities between themselves and others have a _____listening style. |
|
Definition
| people-oriented listening |
|
|
Term
| _____is the preference to be intellectually challenged by messages. Usually, these people prefer complex detailed information. |
|
Definition
| content oriented listening |
|
|
Term
| ______is the exchange of spoken information with others during interaction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A _____is a word, sound or visual device that represents an image, sound, concept, or experience. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ are the primary symbols we use to represent people, objects, events, and ideas. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The use of _____helps clarify mutlitiple meaning of wrods. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symbols can be _____ or _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the six important functions of verbal communication? |
|
Definition
| sharing meaning, shaping thoughts, naming, performing acts, constructing meaning, and manganging relationships |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of meaning and their defintions? |
|
Definition
| denotative meaning and connotative meaning. Denotative meaning is meaning found in the dictionary. Connotative meaning is implied from context. |
|
|
Term
| What does the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis say? |
|
Definition
| language defines the boundaries of our thinking, a view known as linguistic determinism |
|
|
Term
| What are the five types of speeech acts? |
|
Definition
| representative/assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, declaration |
|
|
Term
| Speech acts that commit the speaker to the truth of what has been said are called ______ speech acts. An example of this would be: The earth is flat. |
|
Definition
| representative/assertive speech acts |
|
|
Term
| _____speech acts attempt to get listeners to do things such as a request or command. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____speech acts commit a speaker to some future action such as saying "I'll be back" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____speech acts express the speaker's attitudes and emotions towards the proposition. An example of this would be saying: "i'm really sorry" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______speech acts change the reality in accordance with the proposition of the declaration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are five random examples of speech acts? |
|
Definition
| apology, complaint, compliment, invitation, promise, you're so fantastic (compliment), you're welcome (acknolwedgement of thanks) |
|
|
Term
| _____are speech acts that cause the hearer to take a particular action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Using_____ means producing easily understood messages, taking active ownership and making others feel included. |
|
Definition
| cooperative verbal communication |
|
|
Term
| The _____refers to the basic principles of cooperative communciation including being informative and honest. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____are all behaviors other than spoken words that communicate messages and create shared meaning between people. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are four functions of nonverbal behavior? |
|
Definition
| providing information, regulating interaction, expressing intimacy or affiliation, exercising social control or dominance |
|
|
Term
| What are the four types of nonverbal communication? |
|
Definition
| kinesics, paralanguage, proxemics, chronologic |
|
|
Term
| Posture communicates two primary messages: what are these? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____accompany speech and make little sense in the absence of verbal cues. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Paralanguage describes a wide range of vocal characteristics such a: vocal qualities, vocal distracters, vocal characterizers, and silence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is the way you use time to communicate during interpersonal encounters. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the five factors of time? |
|
Definition
| punctuality, time awareness, technical time, formal time, and informal time |
|
|
Term
| _____is a feeling of affection and respect that we typically have for our friends. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is a deeper and more intense emotional expereience consisting of intimacy, caring, and attachment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two factors affect attraction? |
|
Definition
| proximity and zajonc(dorm-cell diagram) |
|
|
Term
| ____consists of intense emotions, sentiments, and the idealization of your partner. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____consists of a deep feeling of friendship with an emphasis on companionship, trust, and similarity in attitudes and values. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____consists of game-playing and fun, but avoids any commitment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____consists of violent changes in emotion, intense dependency and jealousy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____consists of a focus on the partenrs assets with a lack of sentimental feeling. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____consists of selflessnesss, forgiveness, and giving, and showing a high regard for your partner's welfare and happiness. |
|
Definition
|
|
