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| 1. List all of components of ECF. |
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Definition
- Interstitial Fluid
- Plasma
- Other: CSF, Serous fluid, endolymph, perilymph, aqueous humor
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| 2. What is principal ion in ICF? What is principal ion in ECF? |
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Definition
ICF: K+, P+ ECF: NA++ CL-/ HCO3 |
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4. Dehydration will cause fluid to shift from _______ to the ______. |
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15a. Functions of the reproductive system? |
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Definition
- Produces
- stores
- nourishes
- transports gametes
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| 15b. What are the components of the reproductive system? |
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Definition
- Gonads (testes/ovaries)
- reproductive tract
- glands
- external genitalia
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Term
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Definition
| straight tubules conneted by seminiferous tubules. |
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| 17. What is dartos? What happens when it contracts? |
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Definition
| Dartos is a muscle that makes the scrotal skin surface wrinkle. |
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| 18. What is cremaster? What happens to the penis when it contracts? |
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Definition
| creamster is when sexual arrousal on temperature change occurs, it contracts to pull the testes toward the body (to maintain the temperature of the sperm) |
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| 19. What is tunica albunigea? |
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Definition
| Dense connective layer that projects inside the testes to form septate. |
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| 20. What is spermiogenesis? |
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Definition
Speratid matures and becomes a spermatozoon (sperm) Spermatocytes and spermatids are surround by cytoplasm of sustentacular cell takes 9 weeks from spermatocyte to complete spermiation.
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| 21a. Funcionts of Insterstitial cells? |
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Definition
| = (or Leydig Cells) produce androgen |
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| 21b. Functions of: sustentacular cells. |
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Definition
| =or (Sertoli cells) = to nurture the developing sperm cells through the stages of spermatogenesis. |
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22. if a person starts taking injection testoterone daily for 3-4 weeks, what changes of his: - Sex Drive
- GnRH
- FSH
Do you expect??? |
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Definition
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| 23. Where is sperm production located? |
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Definition
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| 24. Put in the correct order the structures of the male reproductive tract? |
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Definition
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| 25. Functions of epididymis. |
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Definition
1. it monitors and adjusts the composition of the fluid produced by the seminiferous tubules. 2. it acts as a recycling center for damaged spermatozoa. 3. it stores and protects spermatozoa and facilitates their functional maturation. |
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| 26. function of the prostate gland. |
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Definition
= produce prostatic fluid- a slightly acidic solution that contributes 20-30% of the volume of semen. |
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| 27. Role of parasympathetic nerves in the vessels of the penis and the testes. |
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Definition
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| 28. What do the secretions of the prostate gland include? |
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Definition
-seminalplasmin = an antibiotic that may help prevent urinary tract infections in males. |
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Term
29. What does semen contain? |
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Definition
- the fluid ejaculate that contains spermatozoa and the secretions of accessory glands of the male reproduction tract. |
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| 30. What do preputial glands secrete? |
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Definition
| = secrete a waxy material known as smegma. |
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Term
| 31. What is the difference between corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum? |
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Definition
corpus spongiosum (1corpura spongium) = sorrounds the penile urethra, extend from the superficial fascia of the urogenital diaphram to the tip of the penis, contains more elastic fiber and contains a pair of small arteries. corpus cavernosum ( 2 copura cavernosa) = separated by a thin septum and encircled by a dense collagenous sheath, sorround a central artery. |
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| 32. functions of testosterone? |
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Definition
1. stimulating spermatogenesis 2. increases libido 3. promote anabolism 4. maintains 2nd sexual characteristics 5. 70% bound to GBG 6. 30% bound to GBA 7. 1st production at 7th wk, max at 6th month to suppress Mullerian ducts |
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| 33. What pituitary hormone controls testosterone? |
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Definition
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| 34.) What is the broad ligament? |
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Definition
| An extensive mesentery that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes and uterus. |
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Term
| 35.) What is the uterine tube? |
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Definition
| (aka Fallopian tube/oviduct) a hollow muscular tube measuring roughly 13 cm (5.2inches) in length. 3 segments: Infundibulum Ampulla Isthmus |
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Term
| 36.) What is the infundibulum? |
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Definition
| Segment of the uterine tube. The end closest to the ovary forms an expanded funnel. The inner serfcaes are lined with Cilia that beat toward the middle segment of the uterine tube called the ampula. |
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Term
| 37.) Ovulation : What hormone triggers ovulation? |
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Definition
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| 38.) What happens during the secretory and proliferative phases of the menstrual cycle? |
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Definition
| SECRETORY: - Progesterone and estrogen from corpus luteum stimulate gland enlargement and increase secretion. |
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Term
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Definition
| - Degeneration of functional zone by constriction of spiral arteries. - Blood pours to connective tissues and enters to the uterine cavity and vagina. - Basilar zone supplied by straight arteries that remains unconstricted - The degeneration occurs gradually last 2-7 days (35-50cc blood lost) |
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Definition
| - Degeneration of functional zone by constriction of spiral arteries. - Blood pours to connective tissues and enters to the uterine cavity and vagina. - Basilar zone supplied by straight arteries that remains unconstricted - The degeneration occurs gradually last 2-7 days (35-50cc blood lost) |
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Definition
| - Degeneration of functional zone by constriction of spiral arteries. |
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| 41.) Functions of the vagina? |
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Definition
| - Passageway for mense discharge - Receiving penis and hold sperm - Birth Canal for delivery |
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Term
| 42.) Factors needed for both erection and ejaculation occur? |
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Definition
| ERECTION: When the smooth muscles in the arterial walls relax when NO (nitric oxcide) is released, at which time the vessels dialate, blood flow increases, the vascular channels become engorged with blood. EJACULATION: - Occurs as powerful, rhythmic contractions appear in the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles, two superficial skeletal muscles of the pelvic floor. |
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| 43.) What is the difference between emmission and ejaculation? |
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Definition
ejaculation = the ejection of semen from the penis as the result of muscular contractions of the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles. emission = occurs under symphatetic stimulation.the process begins when the peristaltic contractions of the ampulla push fluid and spermatozoa into the prostatic urethra. |
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Term
| 44.) What hormone does the corpus luteum secrete? |
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Definition
| oestrogens and progesterone, which are steroid hormones (responsible for the thickening of the endometrium and its development and maintenance, respectively.) |
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Term
| 45.) Symptoms of menopause |
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Definition
| - Number of follicles decrease, sso estrogen decreases, ovulation stops (at 50 YO, no follicles left) - The decrease of estrogen lead to the reduction of size of breast and uterus - osteosporosis, hot flashes, anxiety, depression due to LH |
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Term
| 46.) Causes of amenorrhea. |
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Definition
| Primary - deformity of uterus, non-functional ovaries, hormonal disorders Sencondary - pregnancy, illness, stress, starvation (lack of lipid) |
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Term
| 47.) What is capacitation? |
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Definition
| process the spermatozoa needs to go through to become motile. 2 Steps: 1.) When spermatazoa are mixed with secretions of the seminal vesicles. 2.) they become capable of successful fertilization when exposed to conditions in the female reproductive tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| fertilization by more than one sperm. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the male and female pronuclei fuse (step 4 in fertilization). The cell is now a zygote that contains the normal complement of 46 chromosomes and fertilization is complete. (Moment of conception) |
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Term
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Definition
| a waxy material produced by the preputial glands (located in the skin of the neck, the inner surface of the prepuce). |
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Term
| 51.) What is the "Broad ligament" of the uterus? |
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Definition
| the wide fold of peritoneum that connects the sides of the uterus to the walls and floor of the pelvis. |
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