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Details Title: Chapters 1-5 Description: Cultural Anthropology Total Flash Cards: 76 Created: 09/29/2007 14:36:51	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Anthroplogy Definition A discipline of infinite curiosity about human beings Term Biological (physical) anthroplogy Definition seeks to answer 2 questions: 1. The emergence of humans and their later evolution. 2. How and why contemporary human populations vary biologically. Term Fossils Definition Hardened remains or impressions Term Primates Definition Prosimians, monkeys, and apes Term Primatologists Definition Anthropologists, psychologists, and biologists who specialize in the study of primates Term Homo sapiens Definition The species of all living people Term Culture Definition The customary ways of thinking and behaving of a particular population Term Archeaology Definition Study of past cultures, through material remains Term Ethnology Definition Study of existing and recent cultures Term Prehistory Definition Before written records Term Historical archealogy Definition Study of remains or recent peoples who left written records Term Historical linguistics Definition Study of how language changes over time Term Sociolinguistics Definition Study of how language is used in social contexts Term Ethnohistorian Definition Person who studies how the ways of life of a particular group change over time Term Cross-cultural researcher Definition Researcher interested in discovering general patterns about cultural traits Term Applied/practicing anthropology Definition Making anthroplogical knowledge useful Term Culture Definition People with the same set of standards and behaviors; unconscious learning Term Field work Definition Living in another community for an extended period of time Term Participant observation Definition Observe through participating in the lives of people Term Rapport Definition To develop good relationships with the people you're studying Term Theoretical orientation Definition A general attitude about how cultural phenomena are to be explained Term Survivals Definition Traces of earlier customs that survive in present day cultures Term Culture center Definition Where the traits were first developed and from which they diffused outward Term Basic personality Definition Produced by shared cultural experiences Term Primary institutions Definition Customary ways of making a living Term Secondary institutions Definition Satisfy and reconcile the needs and conflicts that constitute the basic personality structure (ritual, religion & folklore) Term Functionalism Definition Looks for the part, some aspect of culture or social life plays in maintaining a cultural system Term Specific evolution Definition The particular sequence of change and adaptation of a particular society in a given environment Term General evolution Definition General progress of human society; higher forms arise and surpass lower forms Term Structuralism Definition Culture, art, ritual and patterns of everyday life are a surface respresentation of the underlying structure of human kind Term Cultural ecology Definition The analysis of relationship between culture and its environment Term Political economy Definition External forces explain the way a society changes and adapts Term Behavioral ecology Definition The application of biological evolutionary principles to the social behavior of animals Term Group selection Definition How a certain behavioral or social characteristic may be adaptive for a group or society in a given environment Term Individual selection Definition How a certain characterstic may be adaptive for an individual in a given environment Term Hermeneutics Definition The study of meaning Term Language Definition the system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication Term Diachronic Definition Over a period of time Term Synchronic Definition At a point in time Term Morphology Definition How a language's phonemes combine together Term Subculture Definition Commonly shared customs of a group within a society Term Ethnocentric Definition A person who judges other cultures solely in terms of his or her own culture Term Cultural Relativism Definition The attitude that a society's customs and ideas should be described objectively and understood in the context of that society's problems and opportunities Term Norms Definition Standards or rules about what is acceptable behavior Term Random sample Definition Giving all individuals an equal chance of being selected for study Term Maladaptive customs Definition Customs that diminsh the chances of survival and reproduction Term Adaptive customs Definition Customs that enhance survival and reproductive success Term Variables Definition Things or quantities that vary Term Laws Definition Repeated observations that are accepted by all scientists Term Theories Definition Explanations of laws and statistical associations Term Theoretical construct Definition Something that cannot be observed or verified directly Term Falsification Definition Method that shows that a theory seems to be wrong Term Hypotheses Definition Predictions of what might be found in an experiment Term Operational definition Definition Provided to transform theoretical predictions into statements that might be verified Term Measure Definition To compare an object with other things on some scale of variation Term Sampling universe Definition The list of cases to be sampled from Term Probability value (p-value) Definition The likelihood that the observed result or a stronger one could have occurred by chance Term Statistically significant Definition A "probably true" result Term Participant-observation Definition To observe and take part in the events of those societies and question the people of their native customs Term Fieldwork Definition Firsthand experience with the people being studied and/or conducting a census or survey Term Kinesics Definition The study of communication by nonverbal or nonvocal means (posture, mannerisms, body movement, facial expressions, signs and gestures). Term Accent Definition Differences in pronunciation Term Paralanguage Definition All the optional vocal features or silences that communicate meaning apart from the language itself Term Symbolic communication Definition When the communication has meaning even when whatever is referred to isn't present. The receiver of the message could not guess its meaning from just the sounds and doesn't know the meaning isntinctively Term Phonology Definition The rules that predict how sounds are made and how they are used interchangeably in words without creating a difference in meaning Term Morphology Definition How sound sequences convey meaning and how meaningful sound sequences are strung together to form words Term Syntax Definition How words are strung together to form phrases and sentences Term Phones Definition Sounds Term Phoneme Definition A sound or set of sounds that makes a difference in meaning in that language Term Morph Definition The smallest unit of language Term Morpheme Definition One or more morphs with the same meaning Term Historical linguistics Definition The study of how languages change over time Term Protolanguage Definition A reconstructed language created by linguists that has many features of an ancestral language Term Cognates Definition Words that are similar in sound and meaning Term Core vocabulary Definition Nonspecialist vocabulary Term Codeswitching Definition Using more than one language in the course of conversing