Term
| The Five I's (how to culture and characterize microbes) |
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Definition
1. Inoculation
2. Incubation
3. Isolation
4. Inspection
5. Identification |
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Term
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Definition
| Sample is place into a container of sterile medium contain appropriate nutrient to sustain growth |
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Term
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Definition
| Incubator creates proper growth temperature to promote multiplication of microbes |
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Term
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Definition
| Separation of cells by of cells by spreading or dilution on agar medium |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What type of microb is it? |
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Term
| Streak plate isolation method? |
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Definition
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Term
| Loop Dilution Isolation method? |
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Definition
AKA Pour plate technique.
this method allows you to quantify the number of bacteria present in a sample.
Anaerobic bacteria can grown really well with this technique |
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Term
| Spread plate isolation method use? |
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Definition
used in clinical setting to see if the whole sample has growth
ex. cerebrospinal fluid
count all the colonies for a given sample |
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Term
| Ways to categorize media? (3) |
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Definition
1. Physical State
2. Chemical Composition
3. Functional Type |
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Term
| Physical States of Media (3) |
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Definition
1. Liquid Media
2. Semisolid Media
3. Solid Media |
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Term
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Definition
Water-based solutions, do not solidify at temperatures above freezing
-broths, milks, or infusions
-growth seen as cloudiness or particulates |
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Term
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Definition
Clot like consistency at room temperature
-used to determine motility and to localize reactions at specific site |
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Term
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Definition
Firm surface surface on which vells can form discrete colonies
-liquefiable and nonliquefiable
-useful for isolating and culturing bacteria and fungi |
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Term
| Chemical Content of Media (2) |
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Definition
-Defined or synthetic media
- complex or non-synthetic media |
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Term
| Defined or Synthetic Media? |
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Definition
compositions are precisely chemically defined
-recipe, amount of every component |
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Term
| Complex or Non-synthetic Media? |
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Definition
if even just one component is not chemically definable
ex. brain extract
heart extract |
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Term
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Definition
-general purpose
-enriched
-selective
-differential
-reducing
-carbohydrate fermentation
-Assay |
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Term
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Definition
to grow as broad a spectrum of microbs as possible.
-usually non synthetic
-contain a mixture of nutrients to support a variety of microbes
ex. nutrient agar |
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Term
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Definition
contains complex organic substances (growth factors) to support growth of fastidious bacteria
ex. blood agar |
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Term
| What are Fastidious Bacteria? |
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Definition
| bacteria that require growth factor or other complex substances to grow |
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Term
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Definition
contains one or more agents that inhibit the growth of certain microbes but not others
-zone of death
- contain antibiotics
ex. MacConkey agar |
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Term
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Definition
Allow multiple types of microorganisms to grow but display visible differences among those microorganisms
ex. also MacConkey agar |
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Term
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Definition
| absorbs oxygen or slows its penetration in the medium; used for growing anaerobes or for determining oxygen requirements |
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Term
| carbohydrate fermentation media? |
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Definition
| contain sugars that can be fermented and a pH indicator; useful for identification of microoganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| used to test the effectiveness of antibiotics, disinfectants, antiseptics |
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Term
| Two Phases of Magnification with Light Microscopy? |
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Definition
-Objective lens: forms the real image
-Ocular lens: forms the virtual imagae
total power of magnification- the product of the power of the objective and the power of the ocular |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to distinguish two adjacent objects of points from one another |
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Term
| Three Elements of good Microscopy |
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Definition
1. Magnification
2. Resolution
3. Contrast |
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Term
| Increased Magnification ________ the resolution |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you get higher resolution at higher magnifications? |
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Definition
| adjusting the amount of light entering the condenser using an adjustable iris diaphragm or using special dyes help increase resolution at higher magnifications |
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Term
| How does the Oil Immersion Lens work? |
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Definition
-reduces refraction of light
-more light is gathered
-resolution is improved |
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Term
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Definition
-bright field
-dark field
-phase contrast
-fluorescence |
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Term
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Definition
-most widely used
-forms image when light is transmitted trough specimen
-can be used with live, unstained and preserve, stain specimens |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms a colored image against a black field |
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Term
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Definition
-focused electron beam
-offers much better resolution
-samples are dead |
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Term
| How does wavelength effect resolution? |
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Definition
| the shorter the wavelength the better the resolution |
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Term
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Definition
| cells are suspended in fluid, a drop or two of the culture is then placed on a slide and overlaid with a cover glass |
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Term
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Definition
-uses depression slide, Vaseline and coverslip
-sample is suspended from the coverslip |
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Term
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Definition
Developed by Robert Koch
-spread a thin flim made from a liqiud suspension of cells and air drying it
-heat the smear (heat fixation)
-some are fixed using chemicals |
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Term
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Definition
Cationic
bind to negatively charged substances |
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Term
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Definition
Anionic
bind to positively charged substances |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the dye sticks to the specimen to give it color
-heat fixation is required |
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Term
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Definition
the dye does not stick to the specimen, instead it settles around its boundries creating a silhouette
-heat fixation is not required |
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Term
| Advantage of not heat fixating? |
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Definition
| there is less shrinkage or distortion of cell |
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Term
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Definition
require only a single dye
-cells appear the same color but can reveal shape, size, and arrangement
ex. crystal violet |
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Term
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Definition
Use two differently colored dyes, the primary dye and the counter-stain
-distinguishes between cell types or parts
ex. Gram |
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Term
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Definition
Most universal diagnostic staining technique for bacteria
-differentiation of microbes as gram positive or negaitve |
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Term
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Definition
Acid fast bacteria from non acid fast bacteria
Important in medical microbiology (mycobacterium is acid fast)
Tests for Mycolic Acid- these stay pink and are acid fast |
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Term
| Examples of Special Stains? (3) |
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Definition
1. Capsule Staining
2. Flagellar Staining
3. Endospore: distinguished between the spores and the cells they come from |
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