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Chapter One
Undertanding Our Environment
28
Environmental Studies
Undergraduate 1
02/04/2007

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Term
Analytical Thinking
Definition
A way of systematic analysis that asks, "How can I break this problem down into its constituent parts?" (11)
Term
Biocentric Preservation
Definition
A philosophey that emphasizes the fundamental right of living organisms to exist and to pursue their own ends. (15)
Term
Blind Experiments
Definition
A design in which researchers don't know which subjects were given experimental treatment until after the data has been gathered. (6)
Term
Controlled Studies
Definition
Comparison made between two populations that are identical (as far as possible) in every factor expect the one being studied.(6)
Term
Creative Thinking
Definition
Original, inependant thinking that asks, "How might I approach this problem in new and invtentive ways?"(11)
Term
Critical Thinking
Definition
An abililty to evauatione information and opions in a systematic, purposeful, efficient manner. (11)
Term
Deductive Reasoning
Definition
"Top down" reasoning in which we start with a general principle and derive a testable prediction about a specific case.(6)
Term
Double-Blind Design
Definition
Neither the subject (participant) nor the experimenter knows which participants are recieving the experimental or the control treatments until after the data have been gathered and analyzed. (6)
Term
Environment
Definition
The circumstances or conditions that surrond an organism or a group of organisms as well as the complex of social or cultural condiditons that affect an individual or a community.(4)
Term
Environmental Science
Definition
The systematic, scientific study or our environment as wel as our role in it. (4)
Term
Global Environmentalism
Definition
The extension of modern enviromental concerns to global issues. (16)
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
A conditional explination that can be verified or falsified by observation or experimentation. (7)
Term
Inductive Reasoning
Definition
"Bottom-up" reasoning in which we study specific expamples and try to disvoer patterns and derive general explanations from collected observations. (6)
Term
Logical Thinking
Definition
A rational way of thought that asks, "How can orderly, deductive reasoning help me think clearly?" (11)
Term
Mean
Definition
Average. (8)
Term
Modern Environmentalism
Definition
A fusion of conservation of natural resources and preservation of nature with concerns about pollution, environmental health, and social justice.(15)
Term
Paradigms
Definition
Overarching models of the world that shape our wourldviews and guide our interpretation of how things are. (9)
Term
Parismony
Definition
A principle that says where two equallty plausibe explanations for a phenomenon are possible, we should choose the simpler one. (5)
Term
Probability
Definition
The likelihood that a situation, a condition, or an event will occur. (8)
Term
Reflective Thinking
Definition
A thoughtful, contemplative analysis that ask, "What does this all mean?" (11)
Term
Reproducibility
Definition
Making an observation or obtaiing a particular resulft consistently.(6)
Term
Sample
Definition
To analyze a small but representative portion of a population to exitmate the characteristics of the entire class. (8)
Term
Scientific Theory
Definition
An explantation or idea accepted by a substantial number o scientists. (7)
Term
Significant Numbers
Definition
Meaningful data that can be measured accurately and reproducibly. (6)
Term
Statistics
Definition
Mathematical analysis of the collection, organization, and interpretation of numerical data. (8)
Term
Sustainability
Definition
Ecological, social, and economic systems that can last over the long term. (21)
Term
Sustainable development
Definition
A real increase in well-being and stard of life tfor the average person that can be maintained over the long term without degrading the environment or compromising the aility of future generations to meet their own needs. (21)
Term
Utilitarian Conservation
Definition
The polosophy that resouces should be used for the greatest good for the greatest number for the longest time. (14)
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