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CHAPTER ONE TWO AND THREE
KEY TERMS
107
Nursing
Professional
11/19/2009

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Term
Licensure
Definition
The granting of permission by a competent authority (usually a goverment agency)to an organization or individal to engage in a practice or activity that would ohterwise be illegal.
Term
Health
Definition
A condition of physical,mental, and social well-being and the absence of disease or other abnormal conditions.
Term
Patient
Definition
A recipient of a health care service
Term
Medicine
Definition
The art and science of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease and the maintenance of good health.
Term
Certification
Definition
Is a process by which the nurse is granted recognition for competency in a specific area of nursing.
Term
Approved Program
Definition
Is one that meets minimium standards set by the respective state agency responsible for overseeing educational progams.
Term
Accreditation
Definition
Involves the administration of a program voluntarily seeking a review by a given organization to determine wether the program meets the preestablished criteria of that organization.
Term
Health care system
Definition
Is the complete network of agencies, facilities, and all providers of health care in a specified geographical area.
Term
Wellness
Definition
A dynamic state of health in which an individal progresses toward a higher level of functioning,achieving an optimal balance between internal and external enviorments.
Term
Holistic health care
Definition
A system of comprehensive or total patient care that considers the physical,emotional, social,economic,and spiritual needs of a person.
Term
Laws
Definition
Prescribe how a person should act in society;they sanction acceptable behavior and prohibit unacceptable behavior.
Term
The two basic categories of law are _______and ________
Definition
criminal and civil
Term
Laws are established in what two ways?
Definition

1.) Statutory law

 2.)Common law     

Term
Statutory law
Definition
Is developed by federal,state,and local goverments.
Term
Common law
Definition
Is developed in response to specific legal questions brought before the court and usually follow precedent.
Term
Precedent
Definition
Previous rulings on an issue.
Term
Civil litigation
Definition
A lawsuit in a civil court.
Term
Plaintiff
Definition
The complaining party
Term
Complaint
Definition
Statement by the plantiff.
Term
Defendant
Definition
The person Alleged liable.
Term
Damages
Definition
Compensation sought by the plantiff.
Term
Summons
Definition
A court order that notifies the defendant of the legal action.
Term
Awnser
Definition
A detailed response to the charges outlined in the complaint.
Term
Discovery
Definition
A pretrial process allowing both sides to interview witnesses and look at documents before the trial.
Term
Depositions
Definition
Out-of-court statements made by a witness under oath.
Term
Interrogatories
Definition
Written questions that must be awnsered in writing and may be served on the opposite party.
Term
Verdict
Definition
A decision.
Term
Appeal
Definition
Request a review of the decision.
Term
Abandonment of care
Definition
Wrongful termination of providing patient care.
Term
Assault
Definition
An intentional threat to cause bodily harm to another; does not have to include actual bodily contact.
Term
Battery
Definition
Intentional touching of another person without informed consent.
Term
Competency
Definition
A legal presumption that a person who has reached the age of majority can make decisions for himself/herself unless proved otherwise.
Term
Defamation
Definition
Spoken or written statements made maliciously and intentionally that may injure the subject's reputation.
Term
Harm
Definition
Injury to a person or the person's property that gives rise to a basis for a legal action against the person who caused the damage.
Term
Libel
Definition
A malicious or untrue writing about another person that is brought to the attention of others.
Term
Malpractice
Definition
Failing to meet a legal duty that results in harm to another.
Term
Negligence
Definition
The commission (doing) of an act or the ommission(not doing) of an act that a resonably prudent(wise)person would have done in a similar situation that leads to harm to another person.
Term
Slander
Definition
Malicious or untrue spoken words about another person that are brought to the attention of others.
Term
Tort
Definition
A type of civil law that involves wrongs againsta person or property; torts include negligence, assault,battery,defamation,fraud,false imprisonment,and invasion of privacy.
Term
Commision
Definition
Doing
Term
Omission
Definition
Not doing
Term
Prudent
Definition
Wise
Term
Deliberate
Definition
Decide
Term
Sentence
Definition
Penalty
Term
Liability
Definition
Legal responsibility
Term
Accountability
Definition
Being responsible for one's own actions.
Term
Advocate
Definition
Is one who defends or pleads a cause or issue on behalf of another.
Term
Standards of care
Definition
Define acts that are permitted to be perfomed or prohibited from being preformed.
Term
Nurse practice acts
Definition
Define and limit the scope of nursing practice.
Term
Interstate compact
Definition
Allows multi-state practice of nursing.
Term
Malpractice
Definition
Professional negligence
Term
Informed consent doctrine
Definition
Is a person's agreement to allow a particular treatment based on full disclosure of the facts needed to make an intelligent(informed) decision.
Term
Euthanasia
Definition
Letting a person die.
Term
Ethics
Definition
Refers to values that influence a person's behavior; it is an individual's feelings and beliefs about what is right or wrong.
Term
Customs
Definition
Habits, ways of acting.
Term
Mores
Definition
Folkways
Term
Values
Definition
Are personal beliefs about the worth of an object, an idea, a custom, or an attitude.
Term
Value clarification
Definition
Is the process of self-evaluation that helps a person gain insight into individually held values.
Term
Ethical dilemmas
Definition
Are situations that do not have a clear right or wrong awnser.
Term
What is the first fundamental principle a nurse should consider when faced with an ethical dilemma?
Definition
Respect for people, viewing all human life as sacred and each individual having inherent worth as a person.
Term
Autonomy
Definition
Personal freedom of choice, a right to be independent and make decisions freely.
Term
Beneficence
Definition
Doing what is good.
Term
Nonmaleficence
Definition
The duty to protect life, to do no harm.
Term
Justice
Definition
Concept of what is fair.
Term
Health care proxy
Definition
Durable power of attorney.
Term
Sender
Definition
Is the person delivering the message.
Term
Receiver
Definition
Is the individual or individual's to whom the message is sent.
Term
One-way communication
Definition
Is highly structured, with the sender being in control and expecting and getting very little response from the receiver.
Term
Two-way communication
Definition
Requires that both the sender and the receiver participate equally in the interaction.
Term
Verbal communication
Definition
Involves the use of spoken or written words or symbols.
Term
Connotative meaning
Definition
Reflects the individual's perception or interpretation of a given word.
Term
Denotative meaning
Definition
Refers to the commonly accepted definition of a particular word.
Term
Jargon
Definition
Is commonplace "language" or terminology unique to people in a particular work setting (i.e hospitals and type of work such as nursing)
Term
Nonverbal communication
Definition
Messages that are transmitted without the use of words.
Term
Gestures
Definition
Are movements used to emphasize the idea being communicated.
Term
Posture
Definition
The way that an individual sits,stands,and moves.
Term
Open posture
Definition
A relaxed stance with uncrossed arms and legs while facing the other individual.
Term
Closed posture
Definition
Is a more formal, distant stance, generally with the arms and possibly the legs, tightly crossed and can even be percieved as disinterested,coldness, and even nonacceptance.
Term
Assertiveness
Definition
Is the nurse's ability to confidently and comfortably express thoughts and feelings while still respecting the legitimate rights of the patient.
Term
Assertive communication
Definition
Is interaction that takes into account the feelings and needs of the patient, yet honors the nurse's rights as an individual.
Term
Aggressive communication
Definition
Is interacting with another in an overpowering and forceful manner to meet one's own needs at the expense of others.
Term
Unassertive communication
Definition
Sacrifices the nurse's legitimate personal rights to meet the needs of the patient at the expense of feeling resentful.
Term
Therapeutic communication
Definition
In which an exchange of information takes place that facilitates the formation of a positive nurse-patient relationship and actively involves the patient in all areas of the care.
Term
Non-therapeutic communication
Definition
Can block the development of a trusting and therapeutic relationship.
Term
Active listening
Definition
Requires full attention to what the patient is saying.
Term
Passive listening
Definition
Receiving a message without any response or indication of understanding.
Term
Closed question
Definition
Is focused and seeks a particular awnser.
Term
Open-ended question
Definition
Would be a more effective communication technique.
Term
Restating
Definition
Involves the nurse repeating to the patient what the nurse believes to be the main point that the patient is trying to convey.
Term
Paraphrasing
Definition
Is restating the patients message in the nurse's own words to verify that the nurse's interpretation of the message is correct.
Term
Clarifying
Definition
Is restating the patient's message in a manner that asks the patient to verify the message received is accurate.
Term
Focusing
Definition
Is used when more specific information is needed to accurately understand the patient's message.
Term
Reflecting
Definition
Is a therapeutic technique that assists the patient to reflect on inner feelings and thoughts rather than seeking awnsers or advice from someone else, such as the nurse.
Term
Stating Observations
Definition
Communicating observations to the patient.
Term
Offering information
Definition
Is much of the communication that the nurse does to the patient.
Term
Summarizing
Definition
Is a review of the main points covered in an interaction.
Term
Comfort zone
Definition
An invisible personal space surrounding every person that sets boundaries of his or her "territory"
Term
Intimate zone
Definition
0-18 inches
Term
Personal zone
Definition
18-4 feet (i.e sitting and talking to a patient is an example if interaction in the personal zone.
Term
Social Zone
Definition
4-12 feet is appropriate when speaking to a small group of people.
Term
Public zone
Definition
12 feet or more is primarily used to for public speaking.
Term
Altered cognition
Definition
A decrease or lack of cognitive ability to receive, process and send messages.
Term
Grieving
Definition
As a result of actual or perceived loss.
Term
Impaired verbal communication
Definition
Decreased,delayed, or absent ability to receive, process and transmit and use a system of symbols.
Term
Expressive Aphasia
Definition
In which the patient cannot send the desired message.
Term
Receptive Aphasia
Definition
In which the patient cannot recognize or interpret the message being received.
Term
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