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| A way of life that people share, including arts, beliefs, and customs. |
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| The practice of breeding plants and animals for human needs. |
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1. Cities as trade centers
2. Specialized jobs
3. Organized government and religion
4. System of record keeping
5. Advanced tools |
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| The use of tools and knowledge to meet human needs. |
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| A civilization in Mexico about 1200 BC |
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| An early civiliztion in what is now central Mexico in 1325. They were eventually defeated by Hernando Cortes. |
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| An early civilization in what is now Peru. They were eventually defeated by Pizzaro. |
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| An economic system in which nations increase their wealth and power by obtaining gold and silver and by establishing a favorable balance of trade. |
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| A sailing ship with triangular and square sails. |
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| The first European explorer in North America to be credited with discovering America. His voyage was financed by Ferdinand and Isabella. |
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| A Spanish explorer who traveled to the Americas as an explorer and conqueror. They came for gold, God and glory. |
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| A Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec empire. |
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| A Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec empire. |
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| Ruler of the Aztec empire. He was a just and effective ruler. |
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| A conquistador who conquered the wealthy Inca tribe in 1531. |
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| A water route through North America to Asia. Early explorers looked for this route. |
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| The movement of plants, animals, etc. between hemispheres. Bad result: The transfer of germs and disease to groups that had no immunity to them. Good result: new crops and animals were introduced and populations grew. |
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| Large estates created by Spanish rulers to provide food for the colony. |
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| A grant of Native American labor to help make the colonies productive. |
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| The practice of holding a person in bondage for labor |
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| The belief that some people are inferior because of their race. |
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| Having people do different jobs according to need and ability; having various racial groups together. |
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| A combining of various races. |
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| to bring goods into your country. |
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| To ship goods out of your country. |
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