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Definition
| Four-part process; physiological arousal, cognitive interpretation, subjective feelings, behavioral expression |
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| Individuals who have a biological need for higher levels of stimulation than do other people |
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Definition
| Ability to understand, manage, and perceive emotions; in tune to our own emotions and others' emotions; manage negative feelings and cut of inappropriate expressions (Genetic and hereditary) |
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Term
| Emotions in the unconsciousness |
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Definition
| Quick response to cues before consciousness; brain circuitry that operates automatically |
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Term
| Consciousness Emotional Processing |
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Definition
| Slower generation of emotion; relies on cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Emotion-provoking stimulus produces an emotion (We're afraid because we tremble.) |
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Definition
| An emotional feeling and an internal physiological response occur at the same time (Physical changes in our behavior occur too slowly to account for our split-second emotions. One does not cause the other; they occur simultaneously.) |
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Term
| Two-Factor Theory of Emotion |
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Definition
| Emotions we experience are the result of our cognitive appraisal (what's happening internally [physical state] and the external situation) [Physical arousal and emotion-provoking stimulus] |
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Term
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Definition
| Assumes people prefer to maintain ideal, or comfortable, levels of arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| Most people perform better when their arousal level is moderate. If a task is simple, it is best for arousal to be high; if it is complex, lower levels of arousal provide for the best performance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Describes the relationship between arousal and performance; both low and high levels of arousal produce lower performance than does a moderate level of arousal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Repeated observations necessary for detection, longer pauses in speech, constrained movements/gestures, speech errors, nervous gestures, rhythmic body movements, reduced blinking, less smiling |
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Term
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Definition
| Measure of physical arousal (unreliable) |
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Term
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Definition
| All processes involved in starting, directing, and maintaining physical and psychological activities |
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Term
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Definition
| Biologically initiated/instigated motivation (hunger, thirst) |
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Term
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Definition
| Internal mechanism that directs behavior (often used to describe motivations that are learned, rather that biologically based) |
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Term
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Definition
| Desire to engage in an activity for its own sake; internal |
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Term
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Definition
| External; desire to engage in an activity to achieve an external consequence (ex: reward) |
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Term
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Definition
| Having the desire to engage in an activity and being aware of the desire |
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Term
| Unconsciousness Motivation |
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Definition
| Having a desire to engage in an activity, but being consciously unaware of the desire |
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Term
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Definition
| View that certain behaviors are completely determined by innate factors |
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Term
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Definition
| Genetically based behaviors, seen across a species, that can be set off by a specific stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| View that a biological need (an imbalance that threatens survival) produces drive |
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Term
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Definition
| The body's tendency to maintain a biologically balanced condition |
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Term
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Definition
| Human behavior is motivated by our cognitions and expectations |
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Term
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Definition
| Our beliefs about our ability to control the events in our lives |
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Term
| Freud's Psychodynamic Theory |
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Definition
| Motivation comes from the depths of the unconscious mind (Eros-life extinct; Thanatos-death instinct [destructive behaviors; aggressive]); explains behaviors associated with mental disorders; developmental approach-motives (changes between childhood and adulthood) |
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Term
| Maslow's Humanistic Theory |
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Definition
| Self-transcendence (needs further some cause beyond the self); Self-Actualization (Needs to fulfill potential, have meaningful goals); Esteem (Needs for confidence and sense of worth and competence, self-esteem); *The higher needs can't be satisfied until the biological needs are fulfilled. |
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Term
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Definition
| When external reinforcement squelches internal motivation when rewards are provided regardless of quality of performance (e.g. when a child receives money for playing video games) |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which people attribute their own unconscious motives to other people or objects |
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Term
| Desire (Need) for Achievement |
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Definition
| Internal standard for excellence (psychological); desire to attain a difficult, but desired goal |
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Term
| Thematic Appercaption Test |
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Definition
| Instrument that requires people to tell a story about an ambiguous picture |
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Term
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Definition
| View that places a high value on individual achievement and distinction (Me, me, me) |
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Term
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Definition
| View that values group loyalty and pride over individual distinction (We, we, we) |
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Term
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Definition
| Biologically-based mechanism; multiple-systems approach: set point mechanisms--tendency of the body to maintain a set weight and body fat (pressure detectors/sensors in the stomach that convey fullness or emptiness; preferences for high-fat and sweet foods [Reward system preferences] |
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