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| A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned, neutral stimulus |
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| A stimulus that does not ilicit a response at first (something that the subject has no connection/feelings about) |
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| Unconditional Stimuls (UCS) |
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| An event that elecitis a certain predictable response without previous training (food normally causes salivation) |
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| Unconditioned Response (UCR) |
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| An organisms's automatic (or natural) reaction to a stimulus --> a reflex (salivation) |
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| A once-neutral event that elicits a given response after a period of training n which it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus (CS)--> Associating the sound of the tuning fork with food |
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| Conditioned Response (CR) |
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| The learned reaction to a condtioned stimulus (Salivation to the sound of the tuning fork) |
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Classically conditioned response generally occurs gradually
Cs + UCS = strengthened CR |
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| Responding similiarly to a range of similar stimuli (such as responding with salivation to the sound of different bell because it sounds similiar to the tuning fork) |
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| The ability to respond differntly to similar but distinct stimuli |
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| The gradual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus (the salivation to the tuning fork would eventually disappear) |
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| If a rest period is given following extinction, ,the CR may reappear when the CS is presented again but not followed by a UCS (not returned to its original strength) |
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| Learning from the consequences of behaivor (action is reinforced or punished) |
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| stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the likelihood that the response will be repeated |
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| You learn to do something after getting a reward |
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| Occurs when something unpleasant is taken away if the animal performs the action |
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| Stimulus that is naturally rewarding, such as food or water (biological need) |
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| Stimulus such as money that becomes reinforcing through its link with a primary reinforcer (Wolfe-poker chips) |
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| Reinforcement after a fixed number of responses (being paid for every 10 pizzas made or being allowed no more than 5 fouls per basketball game) |
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| Reinforcement after varying number of responses (playing a slot machine or sales commission) |
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| Reinforcement of first response after a fixed amount of time has passed (cramming for an exam or picking up your check from your part time job)--> respond toward the end of the interval |
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| Reinforcement of first response after varying amounts of time (suprise pop quizzes or calling a friend and getting the busy response) --> slow and steady |
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| Process in which reinforcement is used to sculpt new responses out of old ones--> first desired behaivor is modeled by first rewarding any act similiar to the desired act |
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| Learned reactions that follow one another in sequence, each reaction producing the signal for the next |
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| Process of influuencing behaivor by means of unpleasant stimuli |
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| Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs |
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| Training of an organism to remove or terminate an unpleasant stimulus (whines about eating liver and gags while eating it so the father takes it away) |
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| Traning of an organism to withdraw from an unpleasant before it starts (preventing the stimulus from even occuring) |
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| An unpleasant consequence occurs and decreases the frequency of the behavior that proudced it |
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| form of learning in which the organism observes and imitates the behaivor of others |
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| Form of altering behavior that involves mental processes and may result from observation or imitation |
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| presented albert with many objects and he showed no fear to these. later, when he touched the rat, it was unoccompanied by a loud noise. albert then began to get scared of the rat and any other animal that looked similar. |
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