Term
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Definition
| the conversion of light energy to chemical energy in the form of sugar and other organic molecules. this only occurs in plants. Occurs in the |
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Term
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Definition
| photosynthesizers and other organisms that make all of their required organic molecules from carbon dioxide and other inorganic sources such as water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Autotrophs that use light as the energy source to make organic molecules by photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Consumers and decomposers, which need a source of organic molecules to survive |
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Term
| light dependent reactions |
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Definition
| Photosynthesis proceeds in two stages, each involving multiple reactions.the energy of sunlight is absorbed and converted into chemical energy in the form of two substances: ATP and NADPH. |
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Term
| Light independent reactions or Calvin Cycle |
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Definition
| The second stage of photosynthesis.hese electrons are used as a source of energy to convert inorganic CO2 to an organic form. The conversion process, called CO2 fixation, |
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Term
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Definition
Visible light is a form of radiant
energy. It makes up a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum (Figure 9.4), which ranges from radio waves to gamma rays. |
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Term
| chlorophylls (yellow green) and carotenoids (red orange) |
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Definition
| In photosynthesis, light is absorbed by molecules of green pigments |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of light absorbed by a pigment. it is usually shown as a graph in which the height of the curve at any wavelength indicates the amount of light absorbed. Figure 9.7A shows the absorption spectra for chlorophylls a and b. |
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Term
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Definition
| plotting the effectiveness of light of each wavelength in driving photosynthesis . |
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Term
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Definition
| The light-absorbing pigments are organized with proteins andother molecules into large complexes called photosystems (Figure 9.8), which are embedded in thylakoid membranes and stromal lamellae. Th e photosystems are the sites at which light is absorbed and converted into chemical energy |
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Term
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Definition
| A light harvesting complex within a photosystem |
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Term
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Definition
| Component of the photosystem |
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Term
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Definition
electrons travel in a oneway
direction from H2O to NADP; it is sometimes called the
Z scheme because of the zigzag-like changes in electron energy
level within photosystem 1 |
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Term
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Definition
| the product of the carbon fixation reaction is a three carbon molecule. also called |
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Term
RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase
(abbreviated as rubisco) |
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Definition
| This reaction, which fi xes CO2 into organic form, is catalyzed by the carboxylase activity of the key enzyme of the Calvin cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| NO ADP phosphrylation occurs during the calvin cycle. These occur: carbon fixation, oxidation of NADPH,atp consumption |
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Term
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Definition
| The entire process from the oxygenase reaction of rubisco to the release of CO2 |
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Term
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Definition
| The C4 pathway gets its name because its first product is a four-carbon molecule rather than a three-carbon molecule, as in the Calvin (C3) cycle |
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Term
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Definition
CO2 is initially fixed to oxaloacetate in a reaction catalyzed by PEP carboxylase(Figure 9.17B). Th e CO2 produced by the oxidation of malate is
used in the rubisco-catalyzed fi rst step of the Calvin cycle. But,
whereas carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle run in different cell types in C4 plants, in CAM plants carbon fixation andthe Calvin cycle both occur in mesophyll cells but run at diff erent
times, initial carbon fi xation at night and the Calvin cycle during the day. |
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Term
| crassulacean acid metabolism ( CAM ) |
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Definition
| CAM plants live in dry environments |
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Term
| PHOTOCYNTESIS and CELLULAR RESPIRATION |
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Definition
prod of photo: O2, sugars
prod of CR: H20, Co2
they are opposites |
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