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Chapter 9
The Endocrine System
104
Biology
Undergraduate 3
02/27/2012

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Term
ad-
Definition
toward
Term
anti-
Definition
against, opposing
Term
endo-
Definition
within
Term
ex-, exo-
Definition
outside, away from
Term
hyper-
Definition
excessive, abnormally high, above
Term
hypo-
Definition
under, below normal
Term
para-
Definition
near, alongside, departure from normal
Term
syn-
Definition
together, joined
Term
acid/o
Definition
pH < 7
Term
acr/o
Definition
extremity
Term
aden/o
Definition
gland
Term
andr/o
Definition
male
Term
calc/o
Definition
calcium
Term
cortic/o
Definition
tree bark, outer covering, cortex
Term
crin/o
Definition
to secrete
Term
dips/o
Definition
thirst
Term
gluc/o
Definition
glucose sugar sweet
Term
glyc/o, glycos/o
Definition
glycogen (a storage form of sugar) glucose, sugar, sweet
Term
hormon/o
Definition
set in motion
Term
kal/i
Definition
potassium
Term
ket/o, keton/o
Definition
ketone bodies (a by-product of fat metabolism)
Term
lob/o
Definition
a rounded part, lobe
Term
myx/o
Definition
mucus
Term
natr/o
Definition
sodium
Term
ophthalm/o
Definition
eye
Term
pancreat/o
Definition
sweetbread, pancreas
Term
ren/o
Definition
kidney
Term
thyr/o
Definition
sheild, thyroid
Term
tox/o
Definition
poison
Term
ur/o
Definition
urine
Term
-drome
Definition
run, running
Term
-edema
Definition
swelling
Term
-emia
Definition
condition of blood
Term
-ism
Definition
condition or disease
Term
-megaly
Definition
abnormally large
Term
-oid
Definition
resembling
Term
-osis
Definition
condition of
Term
-penia
Definition
abnormal reduction in number, deficiency
Term
-plasia
Definition
shape, formation
Term
pituary gland
Definition
controls growth and development
Term
thyroid gland
Definition
control catabolic metabolism and protein synthesis in most body cells
Term
parathyroid gland
Definition
increases calcium levels in blood and decreases phosphate levels
Term
adrenal gland
Definition
prolong the conditions responsible for fight or flight
Term
pancreas
Definition
glucagon-glycogen->glucose

insulin-gluscose->glycogen
Term
gonads
Definition
estrogens & testerone
Term
pineal gland
Definition
regulates body rhythms
Term
thymus gland
Definition
stimulates maturation of T ymphocytes
Term
acidosis
Definition
abnormal accumulation of waste materials that are acidic
Term
exophthalamus
Definition
abnormal protrusion of the eyes
Term
goiter
Definition
abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by tumor, lack of iodine in diet, or infection
Term
hypersecertion
Definition
abnormal increase in horomone production
Term
hyposecretion
Definition
abnormal decrease in horomone production
Term
ketosis
Definition
excessive amountof ketone bodies in the blood and urine
Term
polydipsia
Definition
abnormal state of excessive thrist
Term
polyuria
Definition
excretion of abnormally large volumes of urine
Term
acromegaly
Definition
enlargement of bone structure most prominent in the face and hands
Term
Addisons Disease
Definition
chronic syndrome caused by hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex
Term
adenitis
Definition
inflammation of a gland
Term
adenosis
Definition
abnormal condition of a gland
Term
adrenal virilism
Definition
excessive production of androgen by the adrenal cortex
Term
adrenocorticohyperplasia
Definition
abnormal development of the adrenal cortex
Term
adrenomegaly
Definition
abnormal enlargement of the adrenal glands
Term
adrenopathy
Definition
general disease of the adrenal glands
Term
caclipenia
Definition
deficiency of calcium
Term
cretinism
Definition
results in reduced mental development and dwarfed physical structure
Term
Cushings syndrome
Definition
hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex, obseity, moon face, muscle weakness
Term
diabetes insipidus
Definition
caused by hyposecretion of ADH by the posterior lobe of the pituary gland
Term
diabetes mellitus
Definition
chronic disorder of carb metabolism
Term
endocrinopathy
Definition
general disease of the endocrine system
Term
hirsutism
Definition
presence of excessive body hair
Term
hyperglycemia
Definition
abnormally high glucose levels i he blood
Term
hyperinsulinism
Definition
excessive amounts of insulin on blood
Term
hyperkalemia
Definition
abmormally high K levels in the blood
Term
hyperparathyroidism
Definition
hyposecretion of the parathyroid glands
Term
hyperthyroidism
Definition
hypersecertion of the thyroid gland
Term
hypocalcemia
Definition
abnormally low calcium levels
Term
hypoglycemia
Definition
abnormally low blood sugar levels
Term
hypokalemia
Definition
abnormally low K levels in the blood
Term
hyponatremia
Definition
abnormally low Na levels in blood
Term
hypoparathyroidism
Definition
hyposecertion of the parathyroid gland
Term
hypothyroidism
Definition
hyposecertion of the thyroid gland
Term
myxedema
Definition
advanced hypothyroidism in adults
Term
pancreatitis
Definition
inflammation of pancreas
Term
parathyroidoma
Definition
tumor of the parathyroid gland
Term
pituitary dwarfism
Definition
hypo,early age, slows growth and causes short but proportioal stature
Term
pituitary gigantism
Definition
hypo, before puberty, abnormally large stature
Term
tetany
Definition
deficiency of parathyroid horomone, muscle spasms, exciation of nerves
Term
thyrotoxicosis
Definition
condition that results from excessive thyroid horomone levels
Term
syndrome
Definition
disorder with an array of symptoms and involves multiple organs
Term
adrenalectomy
Definition
surgical excision of the adrenal gland
Term
endocrinologist
Definition
physician specializing in the treatment of endocrine disorders
Term
endocrinology
Definition
field of medicine that focuses on the study and treatment of endocrine disorders
Term
fasting blood sugar
Definition
dx test to determone blood sugar levels after a 12 hour fast
Term
glucose tolerance test
Definition
dx test to confirm a dx of diabetes mellitus and to determine abnormalities in glucose metabolism
Term
horomone replacement therapy
Definition
the use of a drug that replaces a horomone to correct hormone deficiency
Term
parathyroidectomy
Definition
surgical excision of one or more parathyroid glands
Term
postprandial blood sugar
Definition
a measurement of blood sugar levels over two hours after a meal
Term
radioactive iodine utake
Definition
dx procedure that measures thyroid function
Term
radioiodine therapy
Definition
the use of radioactive iodine to treat a disease of the thyroid gland
Term
thyroid scan
Definition
dx procedure that records an image of the thyroid gland following oral admin of a labeled substance, detect thyroid tumors
Term
thyroidectomy
Definition
surgical excision of the thyroid gland
Term
thyroidotomy
Definition
incision into thyroid gland
Term
thyroparathyroidectomy
Definition
surgical excision of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
Term
thyroxine test
Definition
a direct measurement of the amount of thyroxine in blood to determine hypo/hyper thyroidism
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