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Definition
| pachycephalosaurids used their skulls to do this they either did this with each other or other dinosaurs as a defense mechanism thick skulls made this happen |
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Definition
one of the most diverse groups of plant-eating dinosaurs of he late cretaceous
two groups: Psittacosauridae and Neoceratopsia
skull with narrow beak and flaring jugals (cheeks)
highly vaulted palate in the fornt of the mouth |
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habitual quadrupeds
very large skulls w/ large nostrils, prominent frills, and a variety of horns
two types: pachyrhinosaurines and ceratopsines |
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includes the largest of all ceratopsids
long, low faces
long frills and postorbital horns that were usually longer than nasal horns |
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Definition
a shelf of bone projecting from the back of skull
different sizes and shapes probably species-specific identifiers/ expressed sexual dimorphism |
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from the Cretaceous of Mongolia
best known of the homalocephalids
highly ornamented skull roof (pitted and knobby) |
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Definition
flat, table-like skull roof w/ even thickness from side to side and pitted dorsally
more primitive pachycephalosaurs |
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primarily of Late Cretaceous age
plant-eating ornithischians closely related to ornithopods |
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Definition
two families: protoceratopsids and ceratopsids
extremely large head
broad and prominent frill
pointed and sharply keeled rostrum
limb structures associated with obligate quadrupedalism |
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Definition
advanced pachycephalosaurs characterized by a prominent dome-like thickening of the skull roof and no supratemporal openings
smooth domed skulls |
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Definition
bipedal ornithischians with greatly thickened bones of the skull roof
two families: homalocephalidae and pachycephalosauridae
dome-headed |
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Definition
considered the more primative ceratopsid
short and high face, short frill |
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gregarious
two different shaped frills that suggest male and female differentiation
primitive protoceratopsid
larger skull, longer frill, and more massive hind limbs than Psittacosaurus |
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primitive neoceratopsians
short frill
middle stage of ceratopsian evolution
of the Late Cretaceous age |
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Term
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Definition
earliest ceratopsian
rudimentary frills
short snout that resembled parrot's beak
three functional digits |
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typical of the pachycephalosauridae family
plant-eater
high, smooth dome head surrounded by bony shelf
ornithopoda features however (differences mainly in the skull) |
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Term
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Definition
short frill that lacked openings
frill lined with small, conical bones called epoccipitals
complex dental battery similar to hadrosaurids
obligate quadrupeds |
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