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Chapter 8: Work, Power and Simple Machines.
Physical Science
18
Science
8th Grade
02/28/2011

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Term
Work
Definition
exertion or effort directed to produce or accomplish something
Term
Joule
Definition
the SI unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one newton when its point of application moves through a distance of one meter in the direction of the force
Term
Power
Definition
ability to do or act; capability of doing or accomplishing something.
Term
Watt
Definition
the SI unit of power, equivalent to one joule per second and equal to the power in a circuit in which a current of one ampere flows across a potential difference of one volt
Term
Work Input
Definition
The work done on a machine.
Term
work Output
Definition
The work done by a machine.
Term
Mechanical Advantage
Definition
a number that tells how many times a machine multiplys force.
Term
Mechanical Efficiency
Definition
A comparison of a machines work output with the work input.
Term
Machine
Definition
an apparatus consisting of interrelated parts with separate functions, used in the performance of some kind of work
Term
Simple Machine
Definition
a simple device for altering the magnitude or direction of a force. The six basic types are the lever, wheel and axle, pulley, screw, wedge, and inclined plane
Term
Compound Machine
Definition
Term
Lever
Definition
a rigid bar that pivots about one point and that is used to move an object at a second point by a force applied at a third.
Term
Fulcrum
Definition
the support, or point of rest, on which a lever turns in moving a body.
Term
Inclined Plane
Definition
one of the simple machines, a plane surface inclined to the horizon, or forming with a horizontal plane any angle but a right angle.
Term
Wedge
Definition
a piece of hard material with two principal faces meeting in a sharply acute angle, for raising, holding, or splitting objects by applying a pounding or driving force, as from a hammer.
Term
Screw
Definition
a metal fastener having a tapered shank with a helical thread, and topped with a slotted head, driven into wood or the like by rotating, especially by means of a screwdriver.
Term
Wheel and Axle
Definition
Term
Pulley
Definition
a wheel, with a grooved rim for carrying a line, that turns in a frame or block and serves to change the direction of or to transmit force, as when one end of the line is pulled to raise a weight at the other end: one of the simple machines.
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