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| thickened region of the ectodermal layer that gives rise to the neural tube |
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| stucture in the early stage of brain development from which the brain and spinal cord develop |
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| self-renewing, multi-potential cell that gives rise to any of the different types of neurons and glia in the nervous system |
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| lining of a neural stem cells surrounding the ventricles in adults |
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| precursor cell derived from a stem cell; it migrates and produces a neuron or glial cell |
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| product of a progenitor cell that gives rise to any of the different types of neurons |
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| products of progenitor cell that gives rise to different types of glial cells |
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| process in which a methyl group attaches to the DNA sequence resulting in the suppression of gene expression |
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| a chemical compound that acts to support growth and differentiation in developing neurons and may act to keep certain neurons alive in adulthood |
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| basic fibroglast growth factors |
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| bFGF or FGF-2 stimulates progenitor cells to produce neuroblasts |
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| path--making cell that a migrating neuron follows to its appropriate destination |
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o they grow dendrites to provide surface area for synapses with other cells
o extend their axons to appropriate targets to initiate synapse formation |
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| 2 events take place in developing a dendrite |
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| dendritic arborisation (branching) and growth of dendritic spines |
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| process at the end of a developing axon that reaches out to search for a potential target or to sample the intercellular environment |
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| cell manufactured molecule to which specific cells can adhere, aiding in migration |
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| : signaling molecules that attracts or repels growth cones |
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| member of the only class of tropic molecules isolated |
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| hypothesis that processes of cell death and synaptic pruning are like natural selection in species, outcome of competition among neurons for connections and metabolic resources in a neural environment |
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| cell death that is genetically predisposed |
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| 4 stages of cognitive development |
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o Sensorimotor – 18 to 24 months, object permanence, differentiate themselves from external world, gain some understanding of cause-and-effect relations
o Preoperational – 2 to 6 years, form mental representations of things in their world and represent in words and drawings
o Concrete Operations – 7 to 11 years, learn the task of conservation
o Formal Operations – 11+ years, reason abstractly |
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| sporadic period of sudden growth that lasts for a finite period |
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| proposal that neurons or their axons and dendrites are drawn toward a signaling chemical that indicates the correct pathway |
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| condition in which vision in one eye is reduced as a result of disuse; usually caused by a failure of the 2 eyes to point in the same direction |
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| developmental window during which some event has a long-lasting influence on the brain |
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| processes that predisposes an animal to form an attachment to objects or animals at a critical period in development |
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| class of hormones that stimulates or controls masculine characteristics (ex testosterone) |
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| process by which exposure to androgens alters brain, rendering it identifiably male |
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| variety of sex hormones responsible for the distinguishing characteristics of a female |
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