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| Mark Twain made this name to refer to the post-Reconstruction era. Gilded mean covered with a thin layer of gold. It meant that a thin layer of prosperity (wealth) covered the poverty of society. |
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| A French term that means "allow to be". It means the government takes a limited (hands off) role in business. |
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| A payment by government to encourage the development of certain key industries, such as railroads. |
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| Regulations that prohibit certain private activities that some people consider immoral (or bad). |
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| Government workers that are not elected by people. |
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| Pendelton Civil Service Act (1883) |
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| This law created the Civil Service Commission, which classified government jobs and tested people to make sure they were fit to do the job. |
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| Something a business does to give customers a partial refund when they purchase a good. |
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| In 1877, the Supreme Court decided that states can regulate businesses within their state border, including railroads. |
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| In Russia, it was the violent killing (massacre) of jewish people in the 1880s. It made a lots of Jewish people want to leave Russia and come to the USA. |
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| A large open area beneath the ships' deck. It was cheaper to travel to America this way, but it had limited toilets, no privacy, and poor food. |
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| A time of isolation to prevent disease. People with tuberculosis and highly contagious diseases where kept away from other people. |
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| An area where one ethnic group dominates, such as Little Italy where Italians mostly lived in the South part of Phildelphia. |
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| These are agreements among homeowners not to sell real estat to certain groups of people. |
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| Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) |
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| This law prohibited Chinese laborers (workers) from entering the USA.It was repealed (no longer a law) in 1943. |
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| An agreement and compromise between President Teddy Roosevelt and Japanese officials. The compromise called on the city of San Francisco to end its school policy to make Japanese attend separate schools and the USA not to stop Japanese workers into the USA. It was not an official government document. |
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| A residential neighborhood surrounding the cities. |
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| Low cost apartment buildings designed to house a lot of families, so the owner can make more money. |
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| The building has a dumbbell shape, so every room could have an outside window. This building design was the result of a New York law requiring the windows in buildings. |
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| An unofficial city organization designed to keep a particular political party or group in power. It usually is headed by a powerful "boss". |
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| The use of one's job to gan profit (money). This was a major source of money for political machines. |
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| In the 1880s and 1890s, urban churches started this movement to treat problems like drinking and gambling. It used gospel teachings of Jesus to fix society. |
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| Part of the social gospel movement. This is a kind of community center in poor neighborhoods that offer social services like helping people find jobs, offering child care. |
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| Philospher Auguste Comte made this term to mean the study of how people interact with one another in society. |
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| A policy favored by the Know Nothing party. It favors native born Americans over immigrants. |
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| An organized movement to eliminate the drinking of alcohol. Political parties were formed to push for this like the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. |
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| A ban on the manufacture of alcohol. |
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| immoral or corrupt behavior. Examples are drugs, gambling, prostitution. Some vices became big business in the 1870s. |
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| An example of corruption. Credit Mobilier was hired to build the railroad tracks for the Union Pacific and charged them too much for the work. Credit Mobilier then gave Congressmen free stock in their company to get Congress to help them. |
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| Economist who coined the term laissez-faire. |
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| A system where government people hired their friends and family to do jobs. President Rutherford Hayes fought against this system. |
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| This president was shot and killed by a lawyer who did not get a job from him. He was president less than a year. |
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| President Grover Cleveland proposed giving the flags back to the southern states who lost the flasg during the Civil War. Northerners said not to give the flags back because the flags were "won". |
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| President William McKinley |
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| This president was shot while visitin Pan America by a mentally ill man. His slogan was "a full dinner pail". |
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| This is the process of becoming an American citizen. Have to have good moral character, attachment to the Constitution, and speak English. |
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Mexicans: worked railroads, worked for low wages.
Asians/Chinese: Took jobs as fisherman, laborers, cooks, and farmers.
Asians/Japan: Owned private businesses. |
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Mexicans: worked railroads, worked for low wages.
Asians/Chinese: Took jobs as fisherman, laborers, cooks, and farmers.
Asians/Japan: Owned private businesses. |
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| A famous political boss who controlled Tammany Hall, the political club that ran Bew York City's Democratic Party. he committed fraud and lied about construction projects. |
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| purity crusaders and temperance movements |
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| Used the law to stop people from drinking, gambling, and other vices. Social gospel and settlements tried to eliminate vices through religious involvement and community help. |
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