Details Title: Chapter 8 Description: Vocabulary Total Flash Cards: 27 Created: 09/22/2009 09:05:10		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Sociology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Professional criminal Definition A person whp pursues crime as a day-to-day occupation, developing skilled techniques and enjoying a certain degree of status among other criminals Term Differential association Definition A theory of deviance that holds the violation of rules results from exposure of attitudes favorable to criminal acts. Term Anomie theory of deviance Definition Adaptation of socially prescribed goals or of the means of governing their attainment, or both. Term Societal-reaction approach Definition Another name for the labeling theory Term Labeling theory Definition Approach to deviance that attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants while others engaged in the same behavior are not Term Social constructionist perspective Definition Approach to deviance that emphasizes the role of culture in the creation of the deviant identity Term Deviance Definition Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society Term Obediance Definition Compliance with higher authorities in a heirarchical structure Term Transnational crime Definition Crime that occurs accross multiple national borders Term Differential justice Definition Differences in the way social control is execised over different groups Term Comformity Definition Going along with peers Term Law Definition Govermental social control Term White-collar crime Definition Illegal acts commited by affluent, "respectable" individuals in the course of business activities Term Anomie Definition Loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective  Term Routine activities theory Definition Notion that criminal victimization increases when motivated offenders and suitable targets converge Term Sanction Definition Penalty or reward for conduct concerning a social norm Term Victimization survey Definition Questionnaire or interview given to a sample of the population to determine whether people have been victims of crime Term Cultural transmission Definition School of criinology that argues that criminal bahavior is learned through social interactions Term Formal social control Definition Social control that is carried out by authorized agents, such as police officers, judges, school administrators, and employers Term Informal social control Definition Social control that is carried out casually by ordinary people through such means as laughter, smiles, and ridicule. Term Social control Definition Techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society Term Victimless crime Definition Term used by sociologists to describe the willing exchange among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services. Term Index crimes Definition The eight types of crime reported annually by the FBI in the uniform crime reports : murder, rape, robbery, assault, burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson Term Organized crime Definition The work of a group that regulates relations among criminal enterprises involved in illegal activities, including prostitution, gambling, and the smuggling and sale of illegal drugs Term Control theory Definition View of conformity and deviance that suggests that our connection to members of society leads us to systematically confrom to society's norms Term Crime Definition Violation of criminal law for which some govermental authority applies formal penalities Term Stigma Definition label used to devalue members of certain social groups