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Chapter 8 Vocabulary
Mr. Durham APWH
24
History
10th Grade
11/30/2009

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Term
Indo-Aryan
Definition
The Aryans were semi-nomadic Nordic Whites, perhaps located originally on the steppes of southern Russia and Central Asia, who spoke the parent language of the various Indo-European languages.

Latin, Greek, Hittite, Sanskrit, French, German, Latvian, English, Spanish, Russian etc. are all Indo-European languages; Indo-European, or more properly Proto-Indo-European (PIE), is the lost ancestral language from which those languages ultimately derive. The “Proto” indicates that the grammar and vocabulary of this long extinct language, probably spoken up until 3000 BC, are a hypothetical reconstruction by modern philologists. Just as Romance languages like Italian and Spanish derive from Latin, so Latin derives from PIE.
Term
sanskrit
Definition
is a historical Indo-Aryan language, one of the liturgical languages of Hinduism and Buddhism,and one of the 22 official languages of India.It is also declared as a Classical Language of India along with Tamil, Telugu and Kannada.
Term
Hinduism
Definition
is the predominant religious traditionof the Indian subcontinent. Hinduism is often referred to as Sanātana Dharma
Term
castes
Definition
social system
Term
Vedas (VAY-duhs)
Definition
large body of texts originating in ancient India
Term
Mahabharata (mah-hah-BAH-ruh-tuh)
Definition
is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India
Term
Ramayana (rah-mah-YAH-nuh)
Definition
is an ancient Sanskrit epic. It is attributed to the Hindu sage Valmiki and forms an important part of the Hindu canon
Term
Rama (RAHM-uh)
Definition
is the seventh avatar of Vishnu in Hinduism, and a legendary king of Ayodhya in ancient India.
Term
Kalidasa
Definition
was a renowned Classical Sanskrit writer, widely regarded as the greatest poet and dramatist in the Sanskrit language
Term
Krishna (KRISH-nuh)
Definition
is a deity worshipped across many traditions in Hinduism in a variety of perspectives
Term
janapadas (juh-nah-PAH-duhs)
Definition
are the major realms or kingdoms of Vedic (Iron Age) India, by the 6th century BC evolving into the sixteen classical Mahajanapadas .
Term
Magadha (muh-GAHD-uh
Definition
formed one of the sixteen Mahājanapadas (Sanskrit "Great Countries") or regions in ancient India.
Term
Chandragupta Maurya (shawn-druh-GOOP-tuh MORE-yuh)
Definition
sometimes known simply as Chandragupta (born c. 340 BCE, ruled c. 320 – 298 BCE, died about 298 BCE), was the founder of the Maurya Empire
Term
Mauryan Empire (MORE-yun)
Definition
was a geographically extensive and powerful empire in ancient India, ruled by the Mauryan dynasty from 321 to 185 B.C.E.
Term
Asoka (ah-SHOH-kuh)
Definition
popularly known as Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from 269 BC to 232 BC
Term
Artha-sastra (ahr-thuh-SHAHS-truh)
Definition
is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy which identifies its author by the names Kautilya and Viṣhṇugupta,who are traditionally identified with Chāṇakya (c. 350–-283 BC),who was a professor at Taxila University and later the prime minister of the Maurya Empire.
Term
Kautilya (kow-TILL-yuh)
Definition
was an adviser and a prime minister[1] to the first Maurya Emperor Chandragupta (c. 340-293 BCE), and was the chief architect of his rise to power
Term
guilds
Definition
A guild is an association of craftsmen in a particular trade.
Term
Gupta Empire (GOOP-tuh)
Definition
was an Ancient Indian empire which existed approximately from 320 to 550 CE and covered much of the Indian Subcontinent. Founded by Maharaja Sri-Gupta, the dynasty began the Classical Age in the Middle kingdoms of India. The capital of the Guptas was Pataliputra, present day Patna, in the north Indian state of Bihar.
Term
Chandra Gupta I
Definition
emporer to the Gupta empire
Term
Angkor Wat
Definition
is a temple complex at Angkor, Cambodia, built for the king Suryavarman II in the early 12th century as his state temple and capital city
Term
Hunas (HOO-nas)
Definition
consisted of central Asian hordes in four cardinal directions. Northern Huna were the Black Huns, southern Huna were the Red Huns, Eastern Huna were the Celestial Huns, and Western Huna were the White Huns
Term
syncretic cult
Definition

like synification and syncritism!!!!!

adopting cultures

Term

monsoon

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Definition
the seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter.
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