Term
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Definition
| Consists of the brain and the spinal cord |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
| Neurons that provide communication between neurons and effector organs |
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Term
| What are the two divisions of the PNS? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Transmits sensory and visceral info from the organs to the central nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| Transmits info from the central nervous system to the effector organs |
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Term
| What are the two sub-classes of the efferent division? |
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Definition
Somatic Nervous Sytem
Autonomic Nervous System |
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Term
| What two branches can the autonomic nervous system be divided into? |
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Definition
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system |
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Term
| What are the two types of cells in the nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Excitable cell capable of communicating through eletrical impulses |
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Term
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Definition
Non excitable cell
Accounts for 90% of NS
Provide various types of support to the neurons |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Branch from the cell body and receive input from other neurons at synapses |
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Term
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Definition
| Specialized junction in which neuron communication takes place |
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Term
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Definition
| Tail-like branch that comes off of cell body and transmits signals to other cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Branches that extend from an axon |
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Term
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Definition
| A brief, large change in membrane potential in which the inside of the cell becomes positively charged comapred to the negative charge outside the cell |
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Term
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Definition
Site where the axon originates from the body
Initiation site of action potentials |
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Term
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Definition
End of the axon
Site where the neurotransmitters are released from |
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Term
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Definition
| Neuron receiving the neurotransmitter |
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Term
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Definition
| Neuron whose axon terminal released the neurotransmitter |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanism for moving products from cell body to the axon terminal |
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Term
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Definition
Mechanism for moving products from the axon terminal two the cell body
Two types:
Slow axonal transport
Fast axonal transport |
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Term
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Definition
| Extend down the axon and function as tracks for transport molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein that carries vesicles down the axon tracks |
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Term
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Definition
Found in Plamsa Membrane throughout neuron
Always open |
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Term
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Definition
Open or close in response to the binding of a chemical to a receptor in the plasma membrane of a neuron
Located in dendrites and cell body |
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Term
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Definition
Open and close in response to changes in membrane potential
Located throughout the neuron, specifically axon hillock |
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Term
| What are the three types of neurons? |
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Definition
Bipolar
Pseudo-Unipolar
Multipolar |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensory neurons that have one axon and one denrite coming off of the cell body |
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Term
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Definition
Subclass of Bipolar neuron in which the axon and dendrite appear as one process coming off of the cell body
Makes up most sensory neurons |
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Term
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Definition
Most common neuron
Multiple projections coming off of the cell body |
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Term
| What are the three functional classes of neurons? |
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Definition
Efferent
Afferent
Interneurons |
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Term
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Definition
| Transmits info from CNS to effector organs |
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Term
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Definition
| Transmit info from sensory receptors or visceral receptors to the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
Account for almost all neurons in the body
Located ONLY in the CNS
Receive and process info from afferent neurons and relay it to efferent neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell bodies of neurons that are clustered together in the PNS |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four types of glial cells? |
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Definition
Astrocytes
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells |
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Term
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Definition
An insulating layer that covers the axon and allows for more rapid signals
Made up of oligodendrocytes in the CNS
Made uip of Schwann cells in the PNS |
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Term
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Definition
| Gaps in the myelin sheath that contain voltage-gated sodium and potassium pumps |
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Term
| Resting Membrane Potential |
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Definition
| The difference between the inside of cell body which is negatively charged (due to potassium) and the outside of the cell is positively charged (due to sodium) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Small changes in membrane potential (electrical signals) that occur when ion channels open or close in response to a stimulus
Decremental (diminish in size with distance)
Travel short distance |
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Term
| How can graded potentials become action potentials? |
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Definition
| If a high frequency of graded potentials add up and depolarize a neuron to the threshold level |
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Term
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Definition
| Graded potentials that depolarize |
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Term
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Definition
| Graded potentials that hyperpolarize |
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Term
| What are the two types of summation? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a stimulus is applied in rapid succession such that the graded potential from the first application doesn't dissipate before the next graded potential occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| The effects of stimuli from different sources occuring close together in time sum. |
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Term
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Definition
| If the membrane is not depolarized to threshold, no action potential occurs |
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Term
| What are the two types of refractory periods? |
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Definition
Absolute refractory period
Relative refractory period |
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Term
| Absolute refractory period |
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Definition
Spans all of the depolarization phase plus most of the repolarization phase of an action potential.
During this time, a second action potential cannot be generated |
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Term
| Relative Refractory Period |
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Definition
Occurs immediately after the absolute-refractory period.
Possible to generate a second action potential only if stimulus is stronger than that needed to reach threshold under resting conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| Jumping of action potential from node to node on the myelin sheath |
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