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| The movement of a substance against its concentration gradient requiring the expenditure of energy and transport proteins. |
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| A molecule having both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic region. example: phospholipid |
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| A channel protein in the plasma membrane that facilitates osmosis. |
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| An energy molecule that drives endergonic reactions when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. |
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| an area where the density of a substance increases or decreases |
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| The spontaneous movement of a substance down its concentration gradient. High numbers --> Low numbers. High Concentration --> Low concentration |
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| The point where an equal concentration of a molecule on both sides of a plasma membrane. Though there is continual movement of the molecule across the plasma membrane, the movement is equal in both directions resulting in no "NET" movement of molecules across the membrane. |
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| The diffusion gradient of an ion. It is affected both by the concentration gradient of the ion across the membrane, as well as the membrane potential |
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| an ion transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane |
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| The engulfing and absorption of molecules across the plasma membrane. The molecules are brought into the cell by the creation of a new vesicle. |
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| The secretion of molecules across the plasma membrane that occurs when a vesicle on the inside of the cell fuses with the plasma membrane and dumps its contents out of the cell |
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Definition
| the diffusion of a substance across the plasma membrane using a transmembrane transport protein |
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| A transmembrane transport protein that will open or close in response to a stimuli. |
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| The animal equivalent of starch. A highly branched glucose polysaccharide. |
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Definition
| A lipid molecule covalently bonded to a carbohydrate |
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| A protein molecule covalently bonded to a carbohydrate. |
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| A solution in which there are more dissolved solutes when compared to the inside of a cell placed in the solution. This will cause a cell to lose water |
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| A solution in which there are less dissolved solutes when compared to the inside of a cell placed in the solution. This will cause the cell to swell. |
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| A protein embedded into and completely spanning the plasma membrane because of its hydrophobic regions that extend into the membrane. The hydrophilic regions of the protein are in contact with the aqueous solution. |
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Definition
| A membrane that extends across the plasma membrane that allows for a specific ion to diffuse across the plasma membrane. |
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| A solution that, when compared to an immersed cell, has the same concentration of solutes as the cell. This will result in no net flow into or out of the cell. |
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| A molecule that binds specifically to another molecule, usually a larger molecule. |
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| The difference in electrical charge across a cell's plasma membrane due to the difference in ion distribution. |
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Definition
| regulation of solute concentrations and water balance by a cell or organism. |
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Definition
| Movement of water down its concentration gradient across a selectively permeable membrane. |
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Definition
| The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane without energy using a transport protein. |
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| A protein not embedded but loosely bound to the plasma membrane or to an integral protein, |
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| A type of endocytosis in which large particles are taken into the cell. |
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Definition
| A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes. |
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Definition
| Phospholipid bilayer that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cell's chemical composition |
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Definition
| When a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic environment, the cytoplasm shrinks, pulling the plasma membrane away from the cell wall. |
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| An active transport protein in the plasma membrane that actively pumps H+ ions out of the cell resulting in a membrane potential on the plasma membrane. |
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Term
| Receptor-mediated endocytosis |
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Definition
| The inward budding (endocytosis) of specific molecules that have bound to receptor sites on the plasma membrane. |
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Definition
| A property of the plasma membrane that allows them to control what crosses the membrane. |
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| A transport protein in the plasma membrane of an animal cell that "actively" transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell. |
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Definition
| A transmembrane protein that helps a certain substance or class of closely related substances to cross the membrane. |
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