Term
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Definition
| thin, curved plate - found in the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| longer than they are wide - limbs |
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Term
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Definition
| about equal in length and width - wrists and ankles |
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Term
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Definition
| all other shapes - vertebrae, scapulae |
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Term
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Definition
| only bone with a triangular shape - patella |
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Term
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Definition
| outer layer is made up of compact bone covered by a tough sheath |
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Term
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Definition
| long shaft portion of the bone |
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Term
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Definition
| within the diaphysis and contains bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| the medullary cavity that is lined by connective tissue layer |
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Term
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Definition
| two rounded ends that strengthen the joints where articulate with other bones (spongy bone) |
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Term
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Definition
| the epiphyses are covered with a type of hyaline cartilage that helps the joint move without rubbing |
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Term
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Definition
| in children and adolescents, the diaphysis is separated from the epiphyses by a plate of cartilage, site of bone growth and breakdown during these years |
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Term
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Definition
| stem cells that give rise to all other types of bone cells |
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Term
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Definition
| bone-forming cells, simple cuboidal layer under endosteum and peristeum, nonmitotic - more active at the side closer to the medullary cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| former osteoblasts that are stuck within the matrix, residing in cavities |
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Term
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Definition
| a small cavity or depression in the bone tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| a microscopic canal in the osseous tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| bone-dissolving cells on surface of the bone - more active at the side farthest from the medullary cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| side facing bone surface, increases surface area |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesized by osteoblasts, includes collagen, protein-carbohydrate complexes |
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Term
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Definition
| break under stress to dissipate shock and quickly reform |
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Term
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Definition
| compact bone is arranged in concentric circles |
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Term
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Definition
| in the middle of each lamella, contains blood vessels and nerves |
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Term
| perforating/Volkmann canal |
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Definition
| central canals are interconnected with perpendicular canals, also contains blood vessels and nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| lamella + Haversian canal |
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Term
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Definition
| hard and calcified, covered by endosteum, filled with marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| arranged into a latticework of bone |
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Term
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Definition
| contains plates of bone which help to absorb stress and impact |
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Term
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Definition
| tissue that fills the medullary cavities of smooth and compact bone |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for formation of blood cells, most abundant during childhood |
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Term
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Definition
| after childhood, red bone marrow changes and is mainly composed of adipose tissue |
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Term
| mineral deposition/mineralization |
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Definition
| bone is formed in which calcium and phosphate are removed from the blood and laid down to form bone |
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Term
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Definition
| bone is broken down, releasing minerals into the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| calcium deficiency that results in tetanus of muscles because the voltage differences are not maintained |
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Term
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Definition
| calcium excess that results in less active muscles due to excessive voltage differences, making muscle contraction more difficult |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal calcification occurring within the lumen of arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| lack of calcium in the skeleton and the bones become soft- in children |
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Term
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Definition
| lack of calcium in the skeleton and the bones become soft- in adults |
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Term
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Definition
| released from the thyroid gland, tends to tone down calcium |
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Term
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Definition
| increasing blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts and inhibiting osteoblasts |
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Term
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Definition
| disease of the bones where osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts |
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