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Chapter 7
Skeletal System
32
Science
Not Applicable
09/15/2011

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Term
Bone
Definition
Made up of several types of tissues so it's an organ. Functions: muscle attachment, blood cell production, and storage of minerals.
Term
Epiphyses*
Definition
Expanded ends of bones that form joints with adjacent bones.
Term
Diaphysis*
Definition
The shaft of the bone.
Term
Periosteum*
Definition
Tough layer of cascular connective tissue that covers the bone and is continuous with ligaments and tendons.
Term
Compact Bone*
Definition
Makes up the wall of the diaphysis.
Term
Spongy Bone*
Definition
Fills the epiphyses to reduce the weight of the skeleton.
Term
Classification of Bones*
Definition
Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid.
Term
Red Marrow*
Definition
Found in the spongy bone it makes red and white blood cells and platelets.
Term
Yellow Marrow*
Definition
Stores fat.
Term
Calcitonin
Definition
Moves calcium to bone when levels are too high in your body, with the use of cytoblasts.
Term
Axial Skeleton*
Definition
Made up of the skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thorax.
Term
Appendicular Skeleton*
Definition
Made up of pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs.
Term
Mandible*
Definition
Lower jawbone, only moveable facial bone.
Term
Articulations
Definition
Joints, the functional junctions between bones.
Term
Synovial Joints*
Definition
Most joints of the skeleton, more complex, end of bone in this joint is covered with hyaline cartilage.
Term
Medullary Cavity*
Definition
Lined with endosteum and filled with marrow.
Term
Endosteum*
Definition
Lines the medullary cavity.
Term
Thoracic Vertebrae
Definition
12, articulate with the ribs.
Term
Lumbar Vertebrae
Definition
5, support the weight of the body.
Term
Sacrum
Definition
Triangular structure at the base of the vertebral column made up of five vertebrae fused into one bone.
Term
Coccyx
Definition
Lowermost portion of the vertebral column, made of four fused vertebrae.
Term
True Ribs
Definition
Seven pairs that join the sternum directly by their costal cartilages.
Term
False Ribs
Definition
Five pairs, first three are vertebrochondral ribs, the last two are floating ribs.
Term
Pectoral Girdle
Definition
Makes an incomplete ring that supports the upper limbs, made up of two scapulae and two clavicles.
Term
Upper Limb
Definition
Framework for the arm, forearm, and hand.
Term
Pelvic Girdle
Definition
Two hip bones and the sacrum, supports the trunk of the body and lower limbs. Supports and protects the lower abdominal and pelvic organs.
Term
Hip Bones
Definition
Made up of 3 bones, ilium, ischium, and pubis.
Term
Lower Limb
Definition
Framework for the thigh, lower leg, and foot.
Term
Calcaneus
Definition
Supports the body weight.
Term
Menisci
Definition
Shock absorbing pads of fibrocartilage.
Term
Bursae
Definition
Fluid filled sacs in the synovial joint.
Term
Synovial Fluid
Definition
Consistency of egg whites and lubricates articulating surfaces within the joint.
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